Considerable scientific evidence indicates that the earth's atmosphere is warming because of a combination of natural effects and human activities, and that this warming is likely to lead significant climate disruption during this century. Climate change is neither new nor unusual. Over the past 3.5 billion years, the planet's climate has been altered by volcanic emissions, changes in solar input, continents moving slowly atop shifting tectonic plates, impacts by large meteors and other factors.

Climate change refers "to the change of earth's global or regional climate over a long period of time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activities"(IPCC,2007d:30).

Nepal is a landlocked central Himalayan country in south Asia which lies in between China and India with latitude 26^?22^'N ‐ 30^?27^'N and longitude 80^?04^'E ‐ 88^?12^'E. It has an area of 147,181km² with population 26,494,504(2011 census). Nepal is a multi-ethnic nation and has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, sub-alpine forested hills, and eight of the most world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on earth.

Nepal lies in 4th most vulnerable country in the world (Maplecroft Climate Change Risk Atlas, 2011). Nepal, as one of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), has a high vulnerability to climate change. The projected rapid change in the atmosphere's temperature could have severe and long-lasting consequences in Nepal, including increased drought and flooding, shifts in the location of croplands and wildlife habitat, high intensity rainfall, landslides, soil erosion, sedimentation, forest fires, GLOFs etc. Phenological change is seen in flowering plants. Melting Himalayas has been the most highlighted issue of climatic changes in Nepal.

Community Forest User Group (CFUG) is main area to act climate change adaptation in Nepal. Ecosystem Based Adaptation must be practiced. Nepal urgently needs capability to assess climate related vulnerabilities and develop appropriate strategies for adaptive measures. Farming with crops resilient to the changing pattern of precipitation, crop diversification, development of micro‐irrigation schemes, appropriate technologies for soling land etc. were found to be highly successful for the sustainable living of the farmers. Wider application of such strategies can contribute to upgrade the adverse impacts of climate change.