Natural & Geological Environmentby Razaan ABAKAR | 10-06-2017 08:54 |
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 I would like to share with you a simple part of my field of study which it is Geology. 1. Atmosphere. 2. Hydrosphere. 3. Lithosphere. 4. Animal life. 5. Plant life. The components of the natural environment are inter-related closely and interact constantly. Interferences will cause negative or positive effects on the environment. For a long time, the understanding was that the relationship between the inner parts of the lithosphere and the biosphere is only mono-directional, i.e., one –way. But the reverse is also true is the current understanding. Magmatism and metamorphismFormations of rocks, volcanic exhalations ، rock folding, mountain formation and such processes influence the processes like weathering, sediment formation, ground water activity. A quarter century worth research effort clearly indicates that the reverse influence, namely ،the external processes effect the internal processes. For example, processes happening in the biosphere effect the composition of hydrothermal solutions, sedimentary formation of Sulphur. Thus, there is unity of the lithosphere as a complex dynamic system with feedback from the biosphere.? – M. Komatina. Geological Environment Igneous rocks: Rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of hot molten magma. Magma is a material formed by localized melting within the Earth. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed by If the magma solidification beneath the Earth's surface.Example: Granite. Extrusive igneous or volcanic rocks are formed by the solidification of magma above Earth's surface in the form of lava. Example: Basalt. The color/composition of the rock is, at its simplest, divided into: Mafic: dark colored rocks Intermediate colored rocks. Felsic: light colored rocks. Ultramafic: Some characteristics of mafic, but lick some others. Example: Dunite, Peridotite There are two ideas about igneous rocks that are geologically important: 1.Evolution of igneous rocks - change from one kind of rock into another. 2. Rocks are not randomly distributed across the earth. Specific kinds of rocks are found in specific places due to specific reasons, all connected to plate tectonic processes. Sedimentary rocks are formed at the Earth's surface: Clastic sedimentary rocks from the weathered and eroded fragments of pre-existing rocks – example: quartz sandstone ؛ Organic sedimentary rocks from the hard parts of animals or plants – example: shelly limestone, coal ؛ Chemical sedimentary rocks from the precipitation out of a solution of dissolved minerals example: rock salt, gypsum. Metamorphic rocks: Metamorphic rocks are formed from the mineralogical and/or textural transformation, in the solid state, of pre-existing rocks due to the action of temperature and/or pressure. Metamorphic rocks that have been subjected to: (1) deep burial typically display a foliated texture due to the parallel alignment of some constituent minerals – example: schist (2)to the segregation of minerals into separate bands of different composition, example: gneiss Rock cycle: Earth processes involving the atmosphere, lithosphere, crust and upper mantle and the cycle of three types of rocks, namely, igneous (intrusive and extrusive), sedimentary and metamorphous rocks are all interrelated. Simple Explanation: The composition of the individual minerals that form the rock influences the elemental diversity. The properties are carried forward to other materials through processes of: 1. erosion. 2. weathering. 3. soil formation. And to water that passes through the solid phase materials.
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