1.Surface Water 

a. Nilotic water: 

Blue Nile and tributaries 

Dinder and Rahad 

White Nile and tributaries . 

Main Nile and Atbara River.

Mean Annual discharge 84 milliard meter cube, Sudan share due t  Nile water Agreement (1959) between Egypt and Sudan 18.5 milliard meter cube.

b. Non-Nilotic water: 

Represented by all other water sources that not involved in the Nile 

system.   

The average annual yield of the Non-Nilotic streams is estimated at about 7 milliard meter cube of  which 5 milliard meter cube are internally 

produced. 

 

2. Rainfall: 

Annual  rainfall: 25  mm  in the extreme dry north to over 700 mm in the tropical rain forest of the south.  

General annual average 416 mm. 

Annual quantity 1000 BCM. 

In the last 30 years annual rainfall decreased about 10 mm in the north and 100 mm in the southern portion. 

3. Ground water: 

Main water supply source for drinking and domestic use for more than 80% of the human population and their livestock in the country. 

Found in about 50% of the country area Depth ranges from 40 to 400 m. 

Ground Water Basins: 

Nubian basin, Umm Rawaba basin, Nubian Basalt Basin and Alluvial basins  

4.  Non-conventional water resources 

Desalinization in Port Sudan and sewage treatment and some parts of Khartoum are of limited use. In the future there is a good potential for the development of these alternative sources.