Global warming as an environmental issue that has long been echoed in society, is still a serious problem nowadays. This phenomenon is characterized by the earth’s average temperature’s increasing every year which has an impact on the depletion of the ozone layer, rising sea levels, extreme climate change, erratic weather patterns, drought in various regions, increased occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and landslides, the extinction of a number of species, hunger, and many more. The climate crisis, characterized by limited natural resources, loss of biodiversity, decreased capability and carrying capacity of ecosystems, and increased pollution, is actually a common problem that has been going on for the past decade which has had a serious impact on human civilization. Industrial development that doesn’t have certain concern towards environmental sustainability and ignores sustainability aspects is the main cause of natural damage.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the main factor in the drastic decline in environmental quality due to climate change and global warming. Too many greenhouse gases will cause the sun's heat to be trapped in the atmosphere, increasing the temperature of the planet and oceans. Since the modernization era took place, fossil fuel combustion activities have also increased along with high industrial demand. This GHG production comes from human activities that release emissions into the air, especially the burning of fossil energy, waste management, and deforestation and land use. Indonesia is a significant emitter of the world's total GHG emissions. Some of the gases that are categorized as GHGs are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered as the main source of GHG which is responsible for global warming. Over time, the volume of CO2 gas in the atmosphere is increasing. Human activities that continuously produce CO2 gas, if not followed by optimal carbon emission reduction mitigation measures, will result in a prolonged climate crisis.

One of the alternative solutions offered in overcoming the problem of global warming is mitigation efforts through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, which is a mitigation technique using the method of reducing CO2 gas emissions into the atmosphere. Mitigation is done by reducing the greenhouse gases released or emitted. CCS technology has caught the attention of many groups and has great potential in supporting efforts to mitigate the negative impact of CO2 emissions. This technology is capable of capturing up to 90% of CO2 emissions released by burning fossil fuels during electricity generation and industrial processes such as steel or cement production. Researchers have come up with a number of ways to capture carbon dioxide, either before or after burning fossil fuels. In the post-combustion method, carbon dioxide is "removed" after the fossil fuel is burned. This method is generally used in natural gas or coal power plants. If fossil fuels are oxidized before being burned to make carbon dioxide and hydrogen, then the carbon can be "drawn in" while hydrogen is burned as the primary fuel. Another thing that is quite interesting about CCS is that this method can be developed from the utilization of microbial and algae-based biofuel industries which can be developed in small-scale industries. The CCS system allows meeting the increasing demand for electricity, while at the same time being able to limit carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The method of capturing CO2 contained in natural gas is an economical and sustainable strategy with a relatively low carbon price, with an efficiency level of up to 90 percent. This proves that the use of this method is a sustainable choice to reduce the impact of climate change. The benefits of CCS for sustainable energy production include helping to increase access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all people, ensuring that prosperity is felt by all levels of society, being able to create jobs, extending the life of existing infrastructure, reducing operational costs for providing electricity, and provide knowledge to support innovation-based economic growth.