UAE has tropical and dry climate as some effects come from the Indian Ocean across the Sea of Oman. Humidity reaches over 90 per cent in summer and autumn. Inland it is far less humid, although the temperature is higher, often exceeding 50? before midday in July. The winter is shorter and runs from December to February with temperature drop, especially in the inland areas. In most years it rains during the winter months, usually in February or March, but occasionally earlier. As for the wind, the monsoon winds blowing across the UAE is stronger in the spring and late summer months.

Two types of winds: Northern dry wind mostly laden with dust resulted in low visibility and respiratory diseases, and mostly very humid eastern wind also is not good for health. The UAE has low rainfall and is usually accompanied by thunderstorms in December and January of each year. Rainfall is frequent in the emirates of Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah due to their geographical location and proximity to mountain ranges. Mainly localized thunderstorms occasionally reach the UAE in summer, their annual frequency varying widely. Generally appearing over the mountains of the south and east of the country, these rumbling convective cloudbursts, a break-away from the south-west monsoon affecting southern Arabia, give rise to severe flash floods. For the most part, the shamal(northwest wind) typical of summer, being drawn toward the low pressure associated with this monsoon.

Mostly hot and humid climate in the UAE leads to the water issues. It has always been a high priority, due to the natural factors leading to scarce water resources. The major challenges facing the agriculture sector in the UAE  are Scarcity of appropriate irrigation water, Soil salinity and available irrigation water, High production costs, Agricultural pests and Postharvest losses.

Winter rains take the form of torrential frontal and orographic downpours, which, if occurring in the Hajar Mountains, runs off rapidly into wadis and downwashed gravel plains. Further west and along the coast, rainfall is often trapped on the sabkha (salt flat) surface until it evaporates or soaks away.

 The United Arab Emirates has paid great attention to dams and rainwater harvesting projects as dams preserve the soil from erosion in agricultural areas. Alluvial materials deposited in the dam lake may be used to improve the properties of the soil for agriculture purposes.

uae.panda.org/ews_wwf/ecosystem

www.moew.gov.ae

www.uaeinteract.com