The bigger one-horned rhinoceros, often known as the Indian rhinoceros, is a sizable herbivorous animal that is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. One of the five Rhinoceros species, it can be identified by its singularly unusual horn and thick, armored hide. These rhinos have a maximum weight of 2,200 kg (4,850 lbs.) and a maximum shoulder height of 1.8 m (5.9 ft). They eat grasses, fruits, and aquatic plants as their main sources of food.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List classifies the one-horned rhino, which has a wild population of about 3,500 animals, as a vulnerable species. The primary dangers to their survival include loss of habitat, hunting for their horns, and conflicts with other species. To assist protect and boost their number, conservation initiatives like habitat restoration and anti-poaching measures are being put into practice.

The Terai region of Nepal, which is the southern lowland area along the border with India, is where one-horned rhinos are most commonly seen. Nepal is one of the countries where one-horned rhinos can be found. One of the greatest sites to see one-horned rhinos in their native habitat is the Chitwan National Park in central Nepal. Due to excessive poaching and habitat damage, the one-horned rhino population in Nepal was once in danger of going extinct. However, strong protection regulations, community-based conservation programs, and habitat restoration initiatives have all contributed to conservation efforts that have significantly increased the rhino population.

Over 752 one-horned rhinos were counted in Nepal as of the most recent census, which was carried out in 2021. In comparison to just 372 animals in 2005. Nepal has become a global role model for rhinoceros conservation thanks to its effective conservation initiatives. To secure the long-term survival of this endangered species, however, more conservation measures are required.