There is an important ethical debate that arises from the environmental crisis, which focuses on the concept of whether the Earth, and all that it encompasses, has intrinsic or extrinsic value. Now most may argue that they type of value placed on something is only in the mind of the individual, such that it is just a matter of opinion. However, we cannot consider this issue as merely subjective because if we argue about something, we have to make the assumption that there is either a correct answer or standard set by society to be arrived at. This is such an important topic to discuss because the type of value that we choose to place on the Earth determines how deeply we are affected by the environmental crisis and whether we are willing to advocate for and carry out change.
If the environment has merely extrinsic value, it is valuable only to the extent of its ability to satisfy human needs, wants, and desires. We are then only concerned with the negative impact the environmental crisis would have on the Earth's ability to continue to satisfy these needs, wants, and desires.
If we believe that the environment has intrinsic value, it is valuable in and of itself irrespective of its effects on humans. Its worth is based on the belief that the environmental crisis would harm more than just human being. This opinion promotes the importance of preservation and sustainability because it makes the well-being of the environment the priority.
When we suggest that the environment has extrinsic value, the thought arises that humans perceive themselves as being egocentrically solely important. No longer do we find ourselves one with the Earth, needing to find balance with nature and to coexist with all other living things. Rather we find ourselves on the Earth to consume, alter, and destroy simply to increase our personal pleasure. Modern society has strayed from the belief that we should shape ourselves and our lifestyles to adapt to the Earth. Instead, humans are now constantly working against nature to make it serve us more.
I think that the environmental crisis will only be solved once we stop perceiving the Earth as an enemy that must be overcome, and rather begin to search for mutuality, a balance that suits the Earth and all of its inhabitants equally.
The viewpoint of intrinsic value causes one to perceive the planet in a new, different context, as a separate and life-giving source - something that needs to be respected and honored. We can begin to think of ourselves as guests that can be asked to leave.