Explained about Climate Change Effects to Biodiversity.by | 13-09-2016 11:01 |
|---|
  Climate change is the global health threat of the 21st century. Undernutrition kills 3.5 millions, Diarrhoea kills 2.2 millions, Malaria kills 900.000, and extreme weather kills 60.000. These and others are highly sensitive to changing climate ( World Health Organization ). Many climate changing-promoted disease are even worse by decades. The Global Dengue Epidemiology even risen 1000x by ony 30 years from 1960 to 1990. According to Mr. Budiarto, To respond its negative impacts to human, the health adaptation strategy and efforts should be undertaken with more focus on: increasing people awareness of health impacts, revitalizing of public health program, strengthening capacity of health providers, and generating commitment to take action with community and youth. This issue gives life being on earth less time to adapt to this rapid change. From Precambian era to nowaday, the climate undergo series of change from cool-warm-cool and warm temperature that used to take millions years. But now, it has been fasten to hundred years or less. Which gives less time for life being to adapt, the trens of climate change nowadays is likely similar to Eamian Era, when land lost to 6m sea level rise ( data from NASA). The indications are various, like in Sumatra which has delay on wet season for 10-20 days and faster dry season for10-60 days compare to 1961-1990 and 1991-2003 periods (Moediarta & Stalker 2007), South East Asia experienced temperature rises with a rate of 0,14 – 0,20 per decade since 1960 (IPCC 2014). The climate change gives impact to any level of biodiversity. The species resilience highly depend on their ability to adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change.The species will adapt to climate change by shifting their climate 'niches' climate by way of : Spatial / space - migration to another habitat Time changing its activity and behavior time Itself Changing its patterns of phenology ( spring/autumn arrival time, growing season, etc.) Some of effects of climate change on biodiversity are desynchronization of migration, Uncoupling of mutualism ( such as pollinator loss and coral bleaching), rise of interaction between pathogens and invasives, increased of physiological stress, changing of population structure, loss of habitat, and more. There are 4 possible responses of any species to environmental change: Changes in distribution Tolerance Evolution Extinction Acacia nilotica shouldn't grow well in Baluran National Park, but it happened and ecosystem is challenged. As extremely invasive plant, Acacia nilotica covered almost all savana area, cause grass cannot grow and lead to food source lost for animal in Baluran National Park ( Cow, Bull, etc.). The impact has happened. The lost of Bull populations from more than 100 to less than 30 cannot be avoided. Not only the ecosystem of Baluran National Park is challenged, but also the local society. The major income for the local comes from tourism activity. Due to intense lost of Bulls and Cows, they also lost the visitor day by day. To overcome this problem, the invader plant must be annihilated. The invader are cutted off, and the rest of the root/stem will be polished by using herbiside, not even single dot can be ignored, because another new-born invader will grow again twice more aggresively than before |
