Even though Bio Diversity is greater in tropical areas Bio Diversity in Arctic is a prove that life could survive in the most extreme conditions. Many species of plants and animals live in Polar Regions from minute algae and lichen on bare rocks and ice to spectacular polar bears and falcons. Other than these animals Arctic provides food and shelter to migrating birds.

The southern part of the Arctic is called the sub-Arctic and it contains larches, spruce, and other conifers. And sub-Arctic contains boreal woodland.

Tundra is a kind of biome where the tree development is prevented by low temperatures and short developing seasons. The circumpolar timberline arrives at an end as it extends north, the tundra starts. Tundra is open and regularly immersed with water. Numerous tree species that develop in boreal area proceed with northwards into the tundra, and there, take the versatile type of dwarf varieties or shrubs. Underneath the tundra lies permafrost - a layer of soil that is forever solidified at all seasons of the year. This keeps dampness from depleting out of tundra, so in the summer months, there are a lot of fluid borne supplements for life to flourish. The permafrost region of the world might be best known for safeguarding the remaining parts of expansive extinct creatures, mammoths, and mastodons. More often than not, tundra is secured by snow, however, in the warm months, an expected 250 types of greenery, lichens, grasses, bushes, herbs, and sedges resprout. As these plants become alive in the spring, geese, terns, and numerous different types of birds fly north to settle in dry tundra, in this manner making the productive utilization of the planet's supplements and open space.

The tundra plants exploit their short developing season to multiply, and for a timeframe speck their barren surroundings with brilliant blooms. Herbivores, for example, caribou, musk bull, and reindeer eat vegetation and carnivores, for example, wolves, get from chasing and murdering the herbivores. Other tundra occupants incorporate rabbits, bears, foxes, lemmings, and the ptarmigan, a sort of grouse whose feathered feet shield it from the chilly ground. There is additionally the polar bear, which is considered principally oceanic, alongside seals and walruses. Beluga whales and narwhals swim off the tundra coastline whitefish, trout, stickleback, burn, pike, and salmon flourish in new water. Sub-Arctic fauna is much more biodiverse than Arctic fauna.

Some tundra creatures, for example, caribou, reindeer, and the dominant part of Arctic birds travel south in the fall, leaving the tundra ground to recharge itself for the following season. Birds, specifically, move greatly long distance, even to South America or areas close to the Antarctic.

Tundra plants make due by adjusting to extreme conditions. In the Arctic summer, they have a tendency to develop near the ground in mats, so as to get warmth from the dirt, and to keep sodden instead of presenting themselves to drying winds. In the winter, they are ensured by the snow that spreads them as they lie lethargic. Any creature that occupies tundra area amid the winter must be also all around secured. The musk ox, for instance, grows two layers of fur. The willow ptarmigan has water-repellant external feathers over a layer of inner feathers. It has likewise figured out how to jump into snow banks to spare it from massive coldness. The "wooly bear," a sort of caterpillar, stops strong in the winter, yet defrosts and wakes up in spring because of a sort of metabolism in its system that counteracts cell harm. Such smart adjustments may well one day lead to new understandings of human science, and better approaches to help people survive.

Keeping up biodiversity in the Arctic is vital for some reasons. For Arctic people groups, biodiversity is an essential piece of their material and spiritual existence. Arctic fisheries and tourism have worldwide significance and speak to gigantic monetary worth. A large number of Arctic birds and mammals that move and interface the Arctic to for all intents and purposes all parts of the globe are additionally at danger from environmental change in the Arctic and in addition from advancement and chasing in calm and tropical ranges. Marine and physical biological systems, for example, incomprehensible zones of swamp tundra, wetlands, mountains, broad shallow ocean shelves, centuries old ice racks and tremendous seabird precipices are trademark to the Arctic. But today all these are in question.

There is significant proof that the Arctic Ocean is warming. Other ecological issues influencing the Arctic are harm to the tundra from machinery, interference with wildlife migration by development, for example, oil pipelines and streets, oil slicks, and the principal actuality that under such compelling conditions nature is moderate to repair itself.

Hans Meltofte chief scientist of Aarhus University state as below, about how climate changes affect to bio diversity in arctic.

"An entire bio-climatic zone, the high Arctic, may disappear. Polar bears and the other highly adapted organisms cannot move further north, so they may go extinct. We risk losing several species forever,"

"Climate change is by far the worst threat to Arctic biodiversity. Temperatures are expected to increase more in the Arctic compared to the global average, resulting in severe disruptions to Arctic biodiversity some of which are already visible"

References:

http://www.tropicalforestnetwork.com/arctic.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140214075511.htm

http://www.arcticbiodiversity.is/