Agriculture accounts for the majority of water use in Nigeria, with over 70% of the country's freshwater resources being used for irrigation. However, the inefficient use of water in agriculture, coupled with urbanization and industrialization, is leading to an overuse of water resources and declining water quality. To address this challenge, Nigeria needs to adopt sustainable water use practices, such as promoting water-efficient irrigation techniques and water conservation in households and industries.

Water scarcity is a significant challenge facing Nigeria, particularly in the northern regions of the country, where water resources are limited due to low rainfall and limited access to surface water sources. This has resulted in a high level of water stress, where water demand exceeds available supplies. To address this challenge, Nigeria needs to invest in water infrastructure, including dams, boreholes, and wells, and adopt policies that promote water conservation and reuse.

Water pollution is a significant challenge in Nigeria, particularly in urban areas, where industries discharge untreated wastewater into waterways, and households lack adequate sanitation facilities. This has led to high levels of water pollution, which can harm human health and degrade ecosystems. To address this challenge, Nigeria needs to adopt integrated approaches that address pollution prevention, control, and treatment, such as promoting sustainable industrial practices, improving sanitation infrastructure and services, and enhancing public education and awareness about the importance of protecting water quality.

Access to safe drinking water is a significant challenge in Nigeria, with only about 60% of the population having access to safe drinking water. Inadequate water treatment infrastructure and services are one of the primary causes of this challenge, particularly in rural areas. To address this challenge, Nigeria needs to invest in water treatment infrastructure and services, promote the development of community-based water treatment solutions, and develop innovative water treatment technologies that are cost-effective and energy-efficient.

Water use, scarcity, pollution, and treatment are significant challenges facing Nigeria, and they require integrated and sustained action at all levels of society. By adopting sustainable water use practices, improving water governance and management, addressing water pollution, and promoting effective water treatment, Nigeria can ensure that water resources are protected and sustainably managed.