Overexploitation and reckless exploitation of natural resource causes degradation of environment and depletion of natural resource. Green technology is any ecofriendly technology or innovation that conserves natural resource and do not harm environment to maintain sustainability of environment. It also known as environmentally friendly or clean technology.

Any products or equipment’s or system should satisfy following criteria for green technology.

1) It should conserve and protect natural resource and energy for future generation

2) It should produce very low quantities of greenhouse gas.

3) It should prioritize the use of renewable source.

Here are the goals of green technology

1) It meet the human needs and desire without degrading environment and planet.

2) It focus on products which can be reused and recycled easily.

3) Change in pattern of production and consumption to reduce waste production and pollution in environment.

As the world population increase, the demand of land for food and space also increases. The area of fertile land is declining day by day due to use of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and environmental degradation. Researcher focused to develop soil less or less space consuming crop production technology or innovation or method to solve the existing problems. Vertical farming is one of the new emerging concept which cultivate crops without soil or in smaller space. Production of crop is done in controlled environment where nutrient content, temperature, light and humidity are properly monitored as required. Vertical farming use no soil particularly, as plant grow in upward direction in different layer. Hydroponic, aeroponic and aquaponic commonly used method in vertical farming.

1) Hydroponics

Plants are grown in water without soil where required amount of nutrients are provided through water. Water acts as solvent of nutrients in hydroponics. It directly utilize nutrients solution so it use limited amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides to prevent the contamination of soil. It also utilize the treated waste water and domestic water as source of nutrients to carry out reuse of water.

2) Aeroponic

It conserves 90 percent water as compared to hydroponics. Whole Plant are grown in air or mist environment without soil where nutrient are supplied to root chamber.

3) Aquaponics

It combined both hydroponics and aquaculture where both fish and crop production are integrated.  Fish are grown in indoor ponds. Excreta of fish provides source of nutrients to plants. In return plant use bacteria to clean water and return back to pond.

The main goal of vertical farming is growing of plants in less space or without soil in both rural area of urban area to produce more food to fulfill the growing demands. Less amount of chemical is used to due to low infestation of insect, pest and disease. As plants are grown in controlled environment, external factors does not impact the crop production.

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