-           the physical science basis, the impacts, adaptation and vulnerability,

-          and the mitigation of climate change

Summary of the Outlined Key Messages of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Synthesis Report noted that human influence on climate system was clear with the likelihood of irreversible impacts if we didn't act fast .Assessment reports indicated continued increase in temperatures with more than 90% of the energy accumulating in the Oceans, melting of snow and ice and increase in sea level. Anthropogenic activities result to increasing GHG emissions more than the previous decades. Energy sector contribute to 35% Agriculture, Forest and Other land uses 24%, Industry 21%, Transport 14% and Building Sector 6.4% of GHG emissions .Projected climate change impact was on Food and Water Shortages, Increased Poverty, Increased displacement of People and Coastal Flooding. Climate change will amplify existing stress on water availability in Africa with increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation reducing crop productivity hence food insecurity problems, Vector and Water Borne diseases.

Therefore limiting Temperature increase to 2 degree will require more efficient use of energy, greater use of low carbon and carbon energy, improved carbon sinks –reduced deforestation and planting of new forests, Bio-energy and carbon capture and storage, Lifestyles and Behavioral Changes.

It was noted that most of Climate mitigation and adaptation strategies in Africa are based on short term motivation .Effective mitigation will not be achieved if individual agents advance their own interests independently. Effective adaptation and mitigation responses will depend on policies and measures across multiple scales international, regional, national and sub-national. Policies across all scales supporting technology development, diffusion and transfer, as well as finance for responses to climate change, can implement and enhance the effectiveness of policies that directly promote adaptation and mitigation. The government alone will not be able to tackle and handle Climate mitigation and adaptation we all need to take actions. Based on facts and statistics from IPCC reports we are now more unlighted on which decision to choose .

Climate change is a threat to sustainable development. Nonetheless, there are many opportunities to link mitigation, adaptation and the pursuit of other societal objectives through integrated responses. Successful implementation relies on relevant tools, suitable governance structures and enhanced capacity to respond.