Agricultural production in the tropics is a reflection of the lifestyles which are nevertheless induced by changes in the social and economic well being of the people : observation on the production system of tropical agriculture is an indication f evolutionary changes which began with food collection and gathering to shifting cultivation and intensive semi-permanent cultivation in ?fadamas? to industrial agriculture  where machines, chemical insecticides  etc are intensively used to improve crop yields. In spite of the allow degree of mechanization tropical agriculture, couples with the application of low quantities of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals the nutrients is negative . Soils are mined for nutrients which lead to negative environmental consequences. With agricultural activity came the associated changes in the shape of the landscape in most tropical countries.

  The first human impact on vegetation which is still prevalent is the use and misuses of fire . even though over half of the fires that occur are natural, resulting from lightning strikes or spontaneous combustion of decaying organic materials, the rest can be attributed to accidental or deliberated burning by human during farming.

         Apart from the use of fire during forest clearance for agriculture, modern or industrial agricultural practices in the tropics use more sophisticated machines and other harmful chemicals that have degenerated to environmental problems which mankind is yet to resolve. This chapter will examine more critically the contemporary environmental problems that affect tropical agricultural systems, such as deforestation, land degradation and erosion loss of biodiversity and climate change. In addition, the environmental consequences of green revolution and the need for sustainable agricultural system would be considered.