Migration , Urbanization and Environmental Degradationby Abdullah khalid | 13-02-2023 12:09 |
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Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and extinction of wildlife. Many international organizations recognize environmental degradation as one of the major threats facing the planet. Environmental degradation is the result of the dynamic interplay of socio-economic, institutional and technological activities. Environmental Degradation occur in different forms as Land and soil degradation, Water degradation. Atmospheric degradation, Several other kinds of pollution. There are different causes of environmental degradation including Industrialization, Over population, Urbanization. Urbanization is the shift of population from rural to urban areas leading to gradual increase in number of people in urban areas. MIGRATION Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. EMIGRATION Emigration is the act of leaving one¡¯s own country to settle permanently to another country. Causes of Migration: Travel for education . For economic improvement. Natural disasters. Civil disturbance. Scarcity of food. Political instability Poverty Religious factors Natural and Environmental factors like earthquakes, droughts. Economy factor Effects of Migration Unemployment Population density increase in receiving areas of migration. Crime rates increase. Competition increase in for services like Job, education and wealth Induced social and economic problems in receiving countries Increase in demands for goods and services Increase in population Environmental issues The deterioration of environment through depletion of resources Effects of Environmental Degradation Impact on Human Health. Loss of Biodiversity. Ozone Layer Depletion. Loss For the Tourism Industry. Economic Impact. Stop Deforestation. Government Regulations. Fines and Punishment For illegal dumping. Reduce Consumption Levels. Reuse and Reduce Waste Generation. Education. The world's urban population is tripling as the population doubles. In a few years, more than half of the world's population will live in cities. The level and growth of urbanization differ considerably by region. Among developing countries, Latin American countries have the highest proportion of their population living in urban areas. But East and South Asia are likely to have the fastest growth rates in the next 30 years. Almost all of future world population growth will be in towns and cities. Both the increase in and the redistribution of the earth¡¯s population are likely to affect the natural systems of the earth and the interactions between the urban environments and populations. Urban populations interact with their environment. Urban people change their environment through their consumption of food, energy, water, and land. And in turn, the polluted urban environment affects the health and quality of life of the urban population. Structures such as buildings, roads, and other infrastructure absorb and re-emit the sun¡¯s heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. Migration and environmental degradation are interlinked. The underlying cause of both are found in increasing population pressures on land and the patterns of resource use. Migrant populations have significant impacts on environmental emissions both in terms of their size and concentration. When the people migrate they overexploit the natural resources due to which cities face acute environmental problems. One of the example being the damage inflicted on Brazil¡¯s forests by new settlers. In recent decades, up to 42 million people worldwide are estimated to have migrated due to environmental change. This phenomenon is likely to increase even more, given the projected continuation of both environmental change and population growth. EXAMPLES The migration of rural Mexican people out of their homelands and into northern Mexico and the United States was driven by processes of deforestation and soil degradation whose origins can be traced back to five hundred years before the Spanish Conquest. |
