Kenya is dependent on three forms of energy namely biomass that account for about 68 % of the total primary energy consumption petroleum 22 %, electricity at 9% and others at about less than 1 %. Approximately 15 % of Kenyans are connected to the grid while only 4 % of the people living in rural areas have access to electricity. Energy sources from fossil fuel like paraffin, diesel and petrol are expensive and the costs are passed through directly to the consumers, which amounts to 20-50% of the consumer prices hence high cost of goods and services (Fischer et al., 2010). There are also electricity limitations of installed capacity due to the over-reliance on hydropower that threatens security of supply in times of drought.

Biomass provides 80% of the energy requirements in most rural parts of Kenya (Kituyi, 2002, Kamfor 2002) with majority of the residents relying on traditional biomass (mainly wood and charcoal fuel) as the main source of cooking energy. This poses a great challenge to the realization of the 10 % forest cover within the county due to the uncontrolled harvesting of trees. Further to that Biomass related energy sources like charcoal are responsible for global warming effect and health related problems than any other category of energy use. It is estimated that the resulting indoor air pollution is responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths a year, mostly of young children and their mothers (WHO Fuel for Life report, 2006).

To reach self-sufficiency in energy and to minimize the pressure on traditional biomass fuel, biogas technology is the best and cheap alternative renewable energy solution, which could be achieved through active mobilization and economic utilization of local indigenous resources available in the Kenya. Data from Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIBS) report of 2007 indicate that 68.8 % of all households in Kenya are engaged in crop farming activities while about 66.0 % keep at least one type of livestock under zero grazing or four or more cattle under semi zero grazing. Biogas Technology is therefore feasible for small holder farmers with livestock producing 50 Kg of manure per day .
The energy conversion process involve bacterial anaerobic digestion of animal waste in an airtight underground chamber, whereby the gas can be used for cooking, lighting,  hot water heating, electricity generation, and chaff cutting with the correct appliances (Alison, 2012).Despite challenges such as inadequacy of information or lack of technology awareness on its production, potential benefits and the prohibitively high costs of earlier designs(?Promoting Biogas Systems in Kenya,2007), the potential to develop a biogas market in Kenya is large.

The use of biogas can contribute towards achieving each of the Millennium Development Goals and Energy poverty reduction in developing countries across the world. Biogas is a unique energy technology because it offers multifunctional and simultaneous benefits in public health, agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability and economic development.