Chemical pesticides are widely used method for plant protection. The increase use of pesticide affects the both health of environment and human. Pesticides are known to be non-degradable and contribute to the pollution in the environment. They also kill beneficial insects and animals, which hampers the biodiversity of the planet. Due to their harmful residual effects, consumption of pesticides has been linked to various health issues. It is crucial to develop alternative way in response to adverse effect of pesticides.

Biopesticides are by products of natural substances such  as insects, plants, microorganisms and nematodes.The major source of bio pesticides includes the plants and microorganisms.

1) Biopesticides of  Botanical origin

Botanical pesticides are either extract or essential oil of plants. It can be obtained from plants parts such as leaves, flowers, barks, roots, rhizomes, bulbs, seeds, and fruits. According to research, turmeric, lemon, garlic, pepper and ginger are beneficial to control early blight of tomato, damping off and fusarium wilt. Locally available plant material are chopped down to small pieces and kept for fermentation in cow urine which is called as jholmol. It can be used to standing crops to control insects. Botanical are also used as crude form on storage produces to manage stored grain insect pest.

2) Microorganisms as source of biopesticides

Micobial biopesticides utilize various bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes and protozoa. Different bacterial species such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Enterobacter and fungi species Trichoderma, Metarhizum, fusarium, Pythium and penicillium are commonly used to make biopesticides.

3) Predators and parasitoids

Predators kill the prey and parasitoides grows and complete their lifecyle on host organisms. Example of predators includes include beetles , ladybirds spiders, lacewings and true bugs while parasitoids mainly consist of wasps and other hemipterans.  They are naturally found in environment but artificially reared under necessary condition.

Biopesticides are made from natural substances so it is ecofriendly as compared to chemical pesticides. The demands of organic products is increased day by day due to consumer preference and awareness. It plays a siginificant role to produce organic foods . It does not kill the beneficial organisms and insects and maintain the biodiversity. So due to several advantage , biopesticides is considered as effective measures to drive towards sustainable agriculture