Utilising Waste Materials For Energyby Dharmendra Kapri | 14-04-2014 08:56 |
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Waste biomass is produced by various means such as wood wastes, animal wastes, agricultural refuse, industrial wastes, municipal wastes and the waste materials of household activities. Some of these waste materials are actively applied to generate energy. However, the animal wastes are considered as the "Potential Energy Source" and represent one of the largest organic by- product available. An estimated annual production of animal waste in India is as follows- (1) Cattle dung and urine- 1225.0 Mt. (2) Buffalo dung and urine- 437.0 Mt. (3) Goat/sheep dung and urine- 28.0 Mt. (4) Night soil(human faeces and urine)- 304.4 Mt. (5) City refuse- 15.0 Mt. (6) Other animal wastes- 22.7 Mt. The cattle dung is dried to make Dung Cakes which are used as cooking fuel. The dung cakes and crop residues are used as cooking fuel by about 28 percent of the population in the developing countries. A poor man fails to decide whether to use dung as a fertilizer to raise food crops or to use it as fuel to cook food. Solution of this problem is anaerobic fermentation of dung in the form of Biogas as well as fertilizer(slurry).
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