An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects. The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made."

In the last article I Introduced about the study area, i.e. B.P highway.(https://tunza.eco-generation.org/ambassadorReportView.jsp?viewID=8458&searchType=&searchName=&pageNumber=1).In this I had incorporated the observation result and our conclusion based on the academic course that we learned in our semester course.

We observed that the mitigation measures were taken during the construction on the B.P. highway. The application of bio-engineering is one of the effective methods for conservation and management of environment.

In first station, near KU School, gabion wall was constructed. It was constructed in many sites along the highway for the filtration of materials and the prevention of soil erosion and landslides.

In second station, Ranachaap, we observed private stone mining site. As it was private, the owner extracted the stones in unmanaged way, loosening soil and destroying the environment. During rainy season, landslides are common in this area according to the local people. As consequences, blockage of road, accidents, disturbance in the settlement area in upper portion are found.

In third station, unmanaged agricultural activities side by side of gabion wall was observed. Due to the lack of awareness and laxity of local people, the site is more prone to landslides and soil erosion i.e. environment destruction.

In fourth station, water channelling was observed. It was constructed to minimize the speed of flow of water during the monsoon season to avoid the erosion of soil.

In fifth station, contour cultivation was observed. Plantation of trees at the edge of the contour is helpful to control soil erosion and landslides.

 In sixth station, bhakunde besi, we interacted with local people and asked them about the changes due to construction of road. We asked few questions to the local residents. The questions related to the environmental status and trend and the impacts that have occurred.

In Seventh Station the excavation of the stone hampering the river nearby, depositing the silt into the river and increasing the turbidity of the water very vigorously and affecting the aquatic as well as the air ecosystem in that area.

 Results

Station 6.: (At Bakunde Besi) Changes due to road construction

Thus from this visit we concluded that, The sustainable approach is adapted during construction of B.P highway. Detail EIA study is carried out before the construction. But due to the Lack of awareness of local people, incomplete bio engineering and negative impacts such as deforestation, vegetation loss and landslides, soil erosion, are occurring time to time during monsoon seasons.