Energy Generationby Fermaud ADOUMADJI MBAIORNOM | 31-10-2022 07:46 |
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 2) Technological advances and/or limits at the moment CETO – ¡°Vagues Australes¡±: the first wave energy installation in France A marine energy project had been providing electricity to Reunion Island since 2010 and no one knew about it? EDF has indeed not communicated much about the first wave power installation being tested in France. Based at Pointe du Diable and based on a very simple principle, it was advertised as capable of producing 25 MW. The principle is to recover the energy of the swell using submerged floats which move with the movement of the waves to transform it into hydraulic and then electrical energy, on land. The buoys had no visual impact since they were submerged, as well as a very low impact on the fauna and flora, which moved slowly in the water column. Unfortunately, despite a promising start, it was seriously damaged by Cyclone Bejisa, which hit Réunion in early 2014. This system is also being developed in Australia, off Perth, by REH under the name CETO. In the northern hemisphere, EDF Energies Nouvelles owns the license to use this technology. The Waveroller: wave energy Already set up in Sweden, through a 10 MW pilot farm, the amazing Waveroller project promises to use wave energy through a wet device between 8 and 20 meters deep. The panel oscillating to the rhythm of the waves transfers the energy to a hydraulic circuit driving a coil which directly supplies electricity, conveyed to shore by submarine cables. This solution must be implemented off Brittany and is still in the R&D phase, promising an available power between 500 KW and 1MW. Although promising, it is part of a competitive environment: the composite blade occupies the entire water column, making it impossible for ships to pass or to share the surface with other activities (leisure, sailing, fishing, etc.). .), all in an area (less than 5 km from the coast) already in high demand. SEA REED floating wind turbine This is a well-thought-out project that relaxes the conditions of use of offshore wind turbines: these cannot be installed beyond 30 meters deep, there was a significant impact on the coastal landscapes. One solution to this impact is therefore to set the wind turbines back¡¦ By making them float! Thus, the DCNS company announces an installation capacity up to 300 meters deep, the wind turbine being simply held by cables anchored to the seabed. The partnership between Alstom and DCNS has therefore made it possible to develop a floating wind turbine and a first pilot farm is planned between the islands of Groix and Belle-Île, in Morbihan. More powerful than other marine energy projects, it could develop a capacity of 6 MW in 2017 for a single wind turbine, the force of the winds at sea being more constant and important than on land. With a diameter of 150 meters for an all-inclusive height of 100 meters, this project suggests a greater impact on the landscape even if the pilot farm will be 6 miles (about 11 km) from Belle-Île. The field will occupy an area of 10 km©÷ for a production of 40 to 50 MW by 2018. EEL, the tidal turbine with energy conversion by undulation The title seems a bit abstruse but actually hides a "made in Pas-de-Calais" revolution in the design of tidal turbines. Inspired by the undulation of eels (Eel in English), the company Eel Energy, based in Boulogne Sur Mer, claims to be able to exploit 100% of the current at one point. The principle is simple: by undulating in the current the membrane is deformed, which drives the electromechanical system. Using numerous installations of this type within offshore farms would make it possible to compensate for the low individual production of the membranes. Able to orient itself in the current, this solution is much more flexible than conventional tidal turbines, which allows it to be installed in areas with disturbed flow. According to figures put forward by Eel Energy, an average current of 2.5 m/s would allow a production of 1 MW. The project is now entering the industrial phase, although no location has yet been announced. This innovative project was presented at COP21 last December, check out the presentation video to better understand: Sabella D10 Tidal Turbine The tidal turbine moored off Ouessant, in the Passage du Fromveur, is undoubtedly one of the most promising models for the production of marine energy. The principle is simple but the realization is complex: a propeller and a rotor with a diameter of 10 meters are anchored to the bottom of the water, 30m deep. An offshore energy export cable connects it to the island of Ouessant where it has supplied up to 60% of the electricity consumed on the island since July 2015! A power of 500 KW is announced, with a maximum of 1 MV. Interestingly, the tidal turbine is moored within the Natural Park of the Iroise Sea: a partnership has therefore been set up between the actors to examine the impacts of the installation of such a device on the seabed and the halieutic resource. . Eventually Sabella plans a "farm" of tidal turbines, called Eusabella, equipped with devices with a diameter of 15 meters, the D15. For the period 2010-2020, the price of tidal energy is estimated at 150 euros per MWh, i.e. 3 times the price of nuclear MWh... Given the scale of the projects in progress in the world, this should soon fall. significantly and is the technology with the greatest development potential, just behind laid offshore wind power. Conclusion of blues Energies Marine energies are therefore in full development, but for the proper development of this "blue energy", the role of the State, manager of the maritime public domain, is absolutely vital. According to the Carbon Trust, a global organization helping companies reduce their emissions, marine energies could produce 13 GW of electricity in 2050 in the United Kingdom, or 11% of the country's needs. By 2020, 1 to 3 GW are planned. France, for its part, will update its PPE (Multiannual Energy Program) by July, which distributes the efforts to be made to obtain a balanced energy mix: the share devoted to marine energies (other than wind installed offshore) by 2020 would only be 100 MW... or about fifteen floating wind turbines! A glaring lack of ambition that places us far from the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, the world's leading trio of marine energies. |
