Heavy metal pollution is a vital issue for agricultural production and food 

health due to the toxic effects and rapid accumulation in the environment. 

To prevent or mitigate heavy metal contamination and revegetate the 

contaminated soil, a variety of techniques have been developed. 

Phytoremediation has been proven to be a promising technique for 

revegetation of heavy metal-polluted soil with a good public acceptance and 

shows a variety of advantages compared with other physicochemical 

techniques.

There are a number of phytoremediation strategies that are applicable for 

the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, including (i) 

phytostabilization—using plants to reduce heavy metal bioavailability in 

soil, (ii) phytoextraction—using plants to extract and remove heavy metals 

from soil, (iii) phytovolatilization—using plants to absorb heavy metal from 

soil and release into the atmosphere as volatile compounds, and (iv) 

phytofiltration—using hydroponically cultured plants to absorb or adsorb 

heavy metal ions from groundwater and aqueous waste.

So phytoremediation is an Eco-friendly and economically feasible strategy that can prove to be helpful towards mitigating the toxicity caused by heavy metals through bioaccumulation.