The 42% of Colombian territory belongs to the Amazon, home to 23 indigenous communities. Throughout the Amazon is home to approximately 60,000 indigenous, spread over some 50 ethno-linguistic groups. These indigenous groups have incredible adaptation of their community where they live from the sustainable use of the natural environment, as well as management of the birth rate of the population. In order to have a medium based on sustainability is necessary to redefine the concept of technology as the application of knowledge to generate cultural values ​​and ecological communities for sustainable development. It is for this reason that indigenous groups are an example of coordination socio-political, environmental and cultural, that through ethnic alliances, sexual and dietary restrictions perform a sustained use of its resources.

The 83.9% of the country's indigenous living in 534 reserves covering 29.8 million hectares. Most of these areas are covered with natural vegetation and therefore contain a significant proportion of the country's biodiversity. Their lands are defined as areas of shelter given to the permanence of them on the spot. The protection and preservation of indigenous customs are vital given the direct relationship they have them on the Colombian ecosystem conservation.

Indigenous tribes perform rituals to determine how long they can stay in one place and the amount of resources that must be taken so as not to upset the balance of the ecosystem according to the decisions of the Jaguar Man (community leader). Jaguar Man possesses empirical knowledge of the means of living and his main goal is to manage the flow of nutrients from the environment. From that groups may stay 10 or 15 years in a place without having to emigrate. When the time is, he who decides when and where to migrate, taking into account the limits of ecosystems to sustain the community.

The planning and organization of Indigenous tribes regarding to the management that give ecosystems are a way for the sustainable management of natural resources in Colombia. Taking the example of these indigenous groups can analyze and argue a more sustainable productive development where the foundation is not only the advance production oriented to maximize profits in the short term, if not a mode of production where there is a study of the environment, culture and history. This will be to propose new projects for a sustainable and equitable exploitation of natural resources of the country, without forgetting the customs and cultural wealth of each region, providing knowledge, environmental education for the smooth development of relations between society and nature.