Due to rapid population growth, demand for both agricultural foods and natural resources is also increased in Nepal. Land degradation is defined as a reduction in both the quality and productivity of land due to various factors. Land degradation causes soil erosion, nutrient depletion, a decline in biodiversity, and the leaching of nutrients. Deforestation, haphazard use of chemicals, unscientific farming, overgrazing leads to cause soil erosion, loss of flora and fauna, are the causes of land degradation. . More than half of the population have at least one cattle or buffalo, or goat so livestock farming become one of the fundamental parts of Nepalese farming. Overgrazing and haphazard harvest of fodder crops become one of the causes of land degradation in mid-hill and high hills. In-situ restoration methods are useful to maintain soil fertility in mountain regions because of poor transportation and the non-availability of chemical fertilizers.

 Agroforestry is defined as an integration of livestock, trees, and crops in the same land with different management practices. Change in one component of agroforestry will affect the other components. Integration of livestock, fodder, and grasses type agroforestry is commonly practiced in mid-hill of Nepal which has been an important source of livelihood of poor people. Agroforestry is a simple way to produce fruits, vegetables, timber, leaf litters, fuelwoods in the same land which generate income opportunities for smallholder farmers. It is necessary to manage agroforestry scientifically for sustainable production and improvement of the socio-economic condition of people. In ancient times, agroforestry is practiced by those farmers whose ultimate objective is to produce food, and trees are planted to support agricultural production. It produces highly nutritious fruits and leaves that contribute to human nutrition. Cultivation of beneficial plants and multipurpose trees in agroforestry have greater economic benefits to farmers as compared to the traditional cereal-based system.

 Nowadays developing countries like Nepal are highly suffered from the negative impact of climate change. Land-based carbon mitigation scheme includes reforestation, agroforestry practices, reduction in deforestation which play a major role to combat climate change.  Agroforestry plays a major role in the reduction of carbon emissions or increment of carbon sink with an ultimate goal to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. It is one of the best strategies to reduce carbon emission because it reduces the burden in a community or natural forest which is the largest source of carbon sink.