Population growth, especially migration to big cities. The pressure from the large population on water resources in the region is increasing due to overexploitation to serve the needs of housing, industrial and agricultural production. At the same time, it creates huge waste sources that exceed the natural environment's ability to decompose, leading to a shortage of clean water in Vietnam.

The distribution between urban and rural areas is uneven, migration to urban areas in any form affects the distribution of water resources.

The ecological environment is destroyed by deforestation leading to climate change. As a result, there is a lack of clean water, and the land is eroded and degraded. Not only that, food sources will also be depleted if there is a shortage of water for irrigation.

Vietnam is a country bordering the sea, so when the earth warms up, the sea level rises will gradually encroach on the land, freshwater resources will also shrink, which means the depletion of water resources that people can use.

Water pollution due to agricultural and industrial activities. The chemical content in pesticides not only degrades the soil but also pollutes the water source.

The management and protection of the environment is still loose and only formal, not enough of a deterrent, so the destruction of the environment is still happening and increasing, causing polluted water to not be improved.

There is no adequate monitoring system for both quantity and quality of water and wasteful use of water.

The above causes have caused the depletion of water resources, leading to a shortage of clean water in Vietnam. The country's ability to produce food and energy is also at risk with major challenges related to freshwater availability.