One result of pollution is an increase of carbon in the atmosphere. This carbon can then be absorbed into the ocean at a greater rate than normal. An increase of carbon in the ocean can result in many effects, such as rising temperatures and ocean acidification. 

Ocean acidification reduces the availability of carbonate ions in the water, as increased carbon forms into bicarbonate instead. Species that build shells and skeletons out of carbonate such as clams and coral can have defective shells as a result of this. This causes less and less of their offspring to survive, which can be incredibly detrimental to biodiversity.

The second threat to biodiversity is rising temperatures, which not only causes less species to be able to live in certain areas, but can also cause coral to "bleach", which means that they expel their algae. This can cause  the coral to die if this algae isn't recovered. Rising temperatures also causes species to migrate and change their pattern, this inconsistency can be very detrimental to species that rely on certain patterns. Some species may even completely die out from even slight increases in temperature, which is obviously very harmful to biodiversity.