Hello Eco-gen family, hope you all are doing well . I am here to share about the problem of water pollution in Nepal and its solution which can be applicable all over. We are glad to say that Nepal is the second richest country in water resources but again sad to realize  that we are the most sufferer in water pollution. There is no doubt that domestic seepage is deemed as the top most reason for the pollution of the water in the conext of Nepal that has lead to the numerous water-borne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, gastroenteritis and cholera.

Water pollution is briefly defines as  any physical, chemical or biological change in water quality that have harmful effect on living organisms and makes water unsuitable for desired uses. It is the state of deviation from pure condition, whereby its normal functions and properties are largely affected. Water pollution in Nepal is majorly due to unmanaged solid wastes, factories, sewage treatment plants, runoff of chemicals into surface water from croplands, livestock, urban streets. There is little or no control in discharge of many harmful chemicals into aquatic system. Also being an agricultural country different sediments, inorganic fertilizers, manure, salts dissolved in irrigation water and pesticides which has polluted ground water too. Major causes of the water pollution are: industrial waste, Household waste and sewage and drainage others can be macroscopic pollution etc.

Different types of water pollution leads to health hazards and also problem to aquatic food webs. It reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen leading fish and other forms of oxygen consuming aquatic life to die. Due to the inorganic plant nutrients like sewage and runoff from agricultural field, it can cause excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants which grow, die, decay and deplete the dissolved oxygen of water(eutrophication) and kill fish.

There are different majors to control water pollution by implementing strict rules from policy level, waste water treatment process etc. Some of the solutions are summarized below:

1. Recycling of waste products –

Different types of wastes and pollutants can be recycled. These recycling facilities should be formulated and implemented by all industries. Priority must be set for the low generation of the waste too.

2. Cleaning and proper treatment of waste water-

a. Primary treatment –

Treatments includes sedimentation, flotation, screening, etc. The waste may be removed by throwing the settled suspend or gravel.

b. Secondary treatment –

This method involves the allowing of water to pass through a thick layer of stone or gravel.

3. All cities should be provided with proper drainage. Efficient sewage collection and waste treatment facilities should be properly managed.

5. The use of pesticides should be minimized and run off from the agriculture land to the rive should be controlled

6. Education programmes are needed to aware  people about the  protection of river and use of safe water

7. Enforcement of the various laws to control water pollution.

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