Present of toxic chemicals in soil in sufficient amount to pose a threat to human health and ecosystems are considered soil pollution. Like all other forms natural soil is also prone to pollution. Nowadays, soil pollution is a common problem and it is caused by man-made elements.

Waste products contain chemicals that do not naturally occur in nature and pollute the soil. Various things and activities can contribute to soil pollution. Since all causes are interconnected it would be difficult to isolate one particular cause. However, we have listed the major causes below.

The Industrial sectors

Since the amount of mining and manufacturing has increased industries have been the biggest contributor to the problem. Most industries rely on mineral extraction. Industrial by-products are contaminated and not disposed of properly. Thus, the soil is unfit for planting.

The Agricultural sectors

Technology has provided us with modern pesticides and fertilizers, which has led to a dramatic increase in chemical use. The chemicals contained in them can't be broken down by nature and are not produced in nature. Thus, they slowly deplete the fertility of the soil as they seep into the ground after mixing with water. Since most of these pesticides are absorbed by plants and become part of the soil at the time of decomposition, they can cause soil pollution.

Waste disposal

we need to pay more attention to how we dispose of our garbage. Most of the waste is dumped directly into the landfills polluting the soil.

Some effects of soil pollution are listed below.

Effects on human health

Crops and plants that are grown on polluted soil retain most of the contamination and after that pass it to us.

Effects on Plants growth

Most plants are incapable to adjust when the chemistry of the soil changes drastically in a brief period. The utilization of harmful chemicals in plants led to erosion of soil which also affects the growth of plants.

Decrease soil fertility

The harmful chemicals present within the soil can decrease soil fertility and therefore reduction in the soil yield. The polluted soil is used in the production of fruits and vegetables which have a low quality of nutrients and contain poisonous substances. It causes serious health issues after consuming them,

Poisoning of underground water

Underground water is beneath the soil surface. The poisons within the soil seem effortlessly permeate gradually into the water table. When such toxic water is consumed for long periods it causes health problems.

Prevention

Soil pollution may be a complex issue that needs to be illuminated. We all must realize how critical is soil for us.

Reduced use of chemical fertilizer

Proper amounts of the chemical could enhance the fertility of soil While, excessive use of chemicals pollutes the soil in different ways, destroying the good microorganisms in the soil. So, we need to focus on the reduction of chemical fertilizers.

Reforestation and Afforestation

The main cause of soil erosion is deforestation. To avoid this from happening reforestation of a deforested range should be promoted. The roots of the plants tie the soil particles together and indeed capture great microorganisms within the soil.

Recycle and reuse

Plastic waste takes a long time to decompose completely so it releases toxic materials which are very harmful to the soil and a major source of soil pollution. Recycling and reuse of non-biodegradable products ensure that lesser wastes are dumped in these landfills and would diminish soil pollution.

Use of natural manure

Natural manure is the finest source of nutrients for the soil. It is safe and natural, it reestablishes the well-being of the soil. It produces no harmful by-products that could harm the soil health and environment