Nepalese Agriculture is still in the process of commercialization. Usually the areas that have good access to transportation with smooth terrain and geography are found to have profound commercial farming while other areas are still following the old agricultural practices that are almost organic. Nepalese Agriculture has been mostly organic since prehistoric times but with the so called modern agriculture, farmers are embracing hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides and more to increase the production. Despite increase in production, these actions have considerable impact on both human health and environment. Organic farming focuses on utilizing natural materials in agriculture and prohibiting the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which ultimately ruins the fertility of land. The heavy use of chemical fertilizers increases the production of the land but as time passes the production capacity of land decreases and finally may reach to zero. Organic farming yields such vital benefits as prevention of soil organic composition. Organic farming maintains and improve fertility, soil structure and biodiversity and

reduce soil erosion. Reduce the risk of human, animal, and environmental exposure to toxic materials.

Organic food is slowly getting bigger both in terms of followers and producers in Nepal. Nepalese are more concerned about what they eat and how they are produced. Being aware of the fact that quality product consumed determines better health conditions, they are willing to pay higher for healthy food products. This is one of the major reasons there is increasing demand for organic vegetables especially in urban regions. Organic agriculture sector is gaining momentum in Nepal. It possesses great scope for its competitiveness as Nepal is home to many products, namely spices, essential oils and medicinal plants, fresh fruits and vegetables.

The state has enacted Plant Protection Act 2048, Pesticides Act 2049 and Regulation 2050, Food Act 2023, Consumer’s Right Act 2054 and Regulation 2056 and Environment Protection Act 2053 and Regulation 2054 and formulated National Standards of Organic Agriculture Production and Processing 2064 and other relevant policies and strategies to reduce the detrimental effect of agriculture on environment.

Agriculture Perspective Plan (1994/95-2017/18) aims towards agricultural economic growth through intensive use of limited inputs, essentially non-organic. The plan focuses on organic development of agriculture as comparative advantage of available resources through organic agricultural products is not possible under the existing system of indiscriminate markets for organic and inorganic products in the country.

The 10th plan (NPC, 2003) and National Agricultural Policy (MOAC, 2004) focuses on promotion of organic farming in the country. The policy documents have adopted one of their objectives as to conserve, promote and utilize natural resources, environment and biodiversity and emphasize on the development and encouragement towards Organic farming.

Three Year’s interim plan (NPC, 2007) has mentioned the farms' increasing dependence on pesticides and their improper and indiscriminate use on crops had adverse effects on the environment and human health. The plan emphasis on developing and disseminating eco-friendly technologies, developing such technologies on indigenous knowledge and skills and protecting farmer’s rights on such knowledge systems.

The concept of Organic Farming is not new for Nepal because Organic Farming has been practiced since many years. Unlike Organic, Inorganic Farming concept was introduced to Nepal some 35 years back. There are various models of Organic farming in Nepal. Among them, the Integrated Farming Model is very popular and practiced in almost 70 % of total Organic producer. Integrated Approach is promoted by International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement and is integration of 4 basic principles which is well- practiced in Nepal. Principle of Health, Principle of Ecology, Principle of Fairness and Principle of Care are the principles that are totally incorporated in Nepalese farming modality. Most of the production in rural areas are still Organic because of lack of road access and fartherness from market. So, basically a large amount of production in Rural area still follow Organic model of farming. Difficult terrain makes it difficult to purchase chemical fertilizers and pesticides in many places. Furthermore, cattle are common in nepalese households leading to encourage the use of manure as a source of fertilizer, which reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. Similarly, the Subsistence model of farming has also reduced the need for chemical fertilizers in nepalese farms.  There is great scope and potentiality in Organic sector. Hence It is not difficult to shift the Inorganic model to the Organic model because most of the farmers have adopted use of chemical fertilizers recently only. They can be convinced to shift back towards Organic by providing subsidies and incentives in inputs and various other resources. Most of the Organic farmers are not involved in the Commercialization process because there is no proper market channel and proper pricing structure for farmers. But with the help of newly established local bodies, good and helpful effort from provincial and central government, Organic farming can be promoted on a commercial scale in Bagmati Province.