The use of chemical fertilizers, monocropping, and high-density planting all increase nutrient loss in the soil. Farmers have started to use a large number of fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides to boost crop yield. Permaculture helps to reduce the danger and devastation produced by modern agroindustrial products. Permaculture is defined as consciously built landscapes that imitate the patterns and trends seen in nature while generating an adequate supply of food, fiber, and energy for the fulfillment of local requirements. Permaculture, in other words, is the systematic creation and maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems with the biodiversity, security, and resilience of natural systems. Bill Mollison and David Holmgreen have developed the concept of permaculture in early 1970. It is also used as an alternative to agroforestry. This concept uses land in such a way that future generations can continue to use it productively. Permaculture aims to make efficient use of existing local resources by adopting proper technology. It integrates agriculture, economy, and environment properly to create sustainable farming. Ecologists, agronomists, and farmers are working together in permaculture. This term is developed by a combination of 3 words i.e permanent, agriculture, culture. The principle of permaculture is concerned with developing a strong connection between community and agriculture to ensure food and economic stability. Permaculture consists of 6 zones. Components of permaculture vary with different scales. For eg in household-scale

Zone 0; inside the home

Zone 1; intensively managed gardens outside the home

Zone 2; less managed orchard

Zone 3; field crops

Zone 4; very low managed grazing

Zone 5; wilderness

Permaculture can be used as a learning approach to determine and develop the kinds of patterns required for long-term sustainability. Permaculture is a method of using ecology to design agricultural systems that require no external inputs. People who practice permaculture are encouraged to create their own habitats and establish progressively self-sufficient human settlements. It is based on the redesign of unhealthy systems to make them naturally regenerative and capable of solving their own problems.Different permaculture workshop has been organized by a various organization that has incorporated different sustainable farming activities. Ethics of permaculture includes

Care for earth

Care for people

Distribute surplus

Reduce consumption

Advantages of permaculture in soil

1)    It increases the organic matter content of the soil

2)    It improves the structure of the soil.

3)    Increases infiltration rate.

4)    It conserves the nutrient reserve of soil.

5)    It decreases the susceptibility to compaction, erosion, and landslides.

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