Climate change has been considered by many specialists, researchers, world and religious leaders, regional and international organizations, public figures, among many other actors, as one of the greatest problems and challenges of our era due to the serious consequences associated with it; consequences that at this point in many regions are already palpable as they are on the battlefront and that have practically given humanity an ultimatum about what is to come if we do not try to change the course we are on; It is worth mentioning and differentiating before going deeper into this topic, that the climate of planet Earth has always presented variations, since its origin and throughout its evolutionary process, it can easily be said that it is an associated natural phenomenon; however, scientific research suggests that since the Industrial Revolution and the significant impact of the activities carried out by human beings since then, the increase in the temperature of the planet's atmosphere has accelerated, which has caused unprecedented changes in the global climate system.

The critical aspect of this scenario is that it assumes that any modification in the climate will lead to the destabilization of environmental and social conditions throughout the planet, in other words, its presence endangers the conservation of natural ecosystems and the sustainability of socioeconomic systems (Colette, 2005); in relation to this last point, all countries and their governments have the goal set in stone of always seeking the desired economic growth and social welfare of their inhabitants; a situation that has brought with it, in most cases, significant and negative impacts on the environment.

This scenario is not alien to the Latin American and Caribbean region, and specifically to Central America as such; even more so if we consider that its geographic location places it at latent risk to natural phenomena of various kinds; In addition to its delicate economic and social situation, the region has been classified as highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, largely due to the tremendous damage done to the region's diverse ecosystem by the growing demand for natural resources, unregulated urban expansion, the disorderly process of urban settlements and productive activities such as resource extraction with little or no control, leading in many cases to an irreversible loss or to a pronounced and sustained degradation of such resources; This critical situation has been perceived by many entities, organizations and governments of their different countries, who for several decades have been engaged in the task of preparing strategies and mechanisms for action and adaptation to try to change this situation at the global level and in the region as such; One of the main global fruits of this effort was born in 1988, when the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, May 1, 2015) with the purpose of providing objective, clear, balanced and neutral information on the current state of knowledge on climate change to policy makers and other interested sectors; It is worth noting that since its creation, IPCC has launched a series of technical documents, special reports and assessment reports that are open to the public; clearly what is sought with this accumulation of knowledge is that countries and regions achieve a transition to more environmentally sustainable economies that allow the survival of human beings, through the inclusion and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 2015) in the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development; special attention is given to a recent report by the United Nations (2019), which states categorically that the area currently requiring the most urgent substantial measures is that of climate change.

The new world due to climate change:

Climate change has become one of the planet's greatest challenges due in large part to man's hand. Man, who in his eagerness to maintain his unsustainable lifestyle and development has contributed significantly to the increase in temperatures worldwide, the rise in sea levels that affects entire regions and countries, atmospheric pollution through the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), the significant deterioration of its natural resources such as water, the indiscriminate logging of its main forests and the indiscriminate destruction of its main natural resources such as water, the indiscriminate logging of its main forests, and the significant deterioration of its natural resources such as water, the significant deterioration of its natural resources such as water, the indiscriminate logging of its main tropical forests that are the lungs of the planet, the accelerated thawing of large glaciers that are reaching a point of no return (ECLAC, 2015), among other serious problems; This whole scenario has affected the way of life of millions of people and hundreds of thousands of species worldwide and has raised serious guidelines on what will be a new world under these conditions.

It is worth mentioning that there is sufficient scientific evidence documenting the problem and that climate change has been caused by a development model with a short-term vision, but mainly unsustainable, based on the degradation, pollution and indiscriminate extraction of natural resources worldwide; In this section it is necessary to mention GHGs and their significant participation in the phenomenon, since it is considered that the excess of such emissions had a significant increase of 50% in emissions since 1990 and has contributed to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth, which increased by 0.85°C between 1880 and 2012 (see Figure 1). 85°C between 1880 and 2012 (IPCC, 2014); for such reason is that the United Nations in its SDGs has placed special emphasis on reducing them, since it is considered that if they are not reduced, the temperature can easily increase by 3°C or even more in some areas of the planet (ECLAC, 2018).

Central America is one of the regions most exposed to climate change worldwide, which makes its very diverse ecosystem vulnerable to the impacts of the associated phenomena that may occur, which is why in recent years there have been greater tangible manifestations such as increased temperatures, rising sea levels, the appearance of more extreme events such as pronounced droughts, in other cases a decrease in annual rainfall, a delay in the onset of the rainy season, among other events; In this sense, this complex scenario affects and will increasingly affect other related sectors, since it will allow the vulnerabilities that have been identified to acquire greater strength and directly affect the socioeconomic conditions of their countries and especially of their inhabitants.

If we consider that unsustainable development that allows the region to be less vulnerable to the effects caused by climate change, maintaining the growth that has been reflected in other areas, and that allows its inhabitants to maintain and improve, as far as possible, their living conditions.

Recommendations:

• The importance of the phenomenon under study and how it affects the countries of the Central American region is clear; likewise, it has been possible to visualize a series of measures carried out at the regional and global level in the fight against climate change; In this sense, it is considered highly relevant to continue with the promotion of joint political actions and the consolidation of regional proposals in this line of action among the countries of the region, which should be taken to the different regional and international forums to request the support of both the other member states and the organizations and their experts in the analysis, design, implementation and control of projects of this type; and if possible, their financing.

• Given that most of the countries in the region have problems in accessing climate finance, it is essential that the countries of the Central American region work on institutional strengthening in order to access these funds, as well as on their efficient execution. An immediate and viable solution could be to work jointly with different stakeholders and with institutions or entities already accredited to transfer knowledge and/or experience in the area.