Due to the improper and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, increase in urban runoff and discharge of industrial effluents into the sea, the journey of eutrophication starts. The discharge from land to sea, sometimes contains many nutrients like phosphorous and nitrogen when derived from industrial effluents or chemical fertilizers. 

This abrupt increase in the nutrient level of the sea may seem like a pleasant bonus, but it is actually an omen of destruction. The increase in nutrients first leads to a sharp increase in primary productivity in the aquatic region, which leads to the growth of a huge number of micro-organisms.

The newly formed algae, now greatly exceeds the carrying capacity of the region, takes up so much space and consumes so many nutrients, that it actually blocks the sunlight from entering the surface of the water body while depleting the already existing natural source of nutrients for plants.

This leads to nothing but death. The dissolved oxygen rates in the water become so low that everything living there dies, creating a hypoxic dead zone. The only thing left in that region is dead matter, a result of a collapse in the ecosystem.

Thus, eutrophication is a terrible phenomenon, and the only way to stop it is by taking care of what reaches the ocean from our industries and our farmlands. I hope this article has enlightened you about the process of eutrophication and I hope that you take the initiative to raise awareness about this occurrence.