Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have become increasingly controversial worldwide due to concerns about their potential health and environmental impacts. While Azerbaijan currently allows the production and sale of GMO products, there is a growing need to develop a policy plan to reduce their presence. In this article, we will explore the current state of GMO products in Azerbaijan and propose a comprehensive policy plan to address the associated risks.

GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been manipulated through genetic engineering techniques. This alteration can involve the transfer of genes from one species to another, giving them new characteristics. GMO products are commonly found in the agricultural and food industries, where genetic modifications are made to enhance crop resistance, increase yields, or improve nutritional content.

1. Regulatory Framework: Azerbaijan has legislation in place to regulate GMO products. The country follows the "Law on Genetically Modified Organisms and Their Production and Use," which sets requirements for the approval, labeling, and monitoring of GMOs. However, in recent years, concerns have arisen regarding the effectiveness of this regulatory framework.

2. Consumption and Production: While GMO cultivation is minimal in Azerbaijan, the country imports several GMO food products, such as soybeans, corn, and vegetable oils. These products often find their way into the local market, leading to potential health risks and environmental challenges.

3. Public Awareness: There is a lack of public awareness and understanding regarding GMOs in Azerbaijan. Many consumers are unknowingly purchasing GMO products due to insufficient labeling or a lack of clear information. It is essential to educate and engage the public in discussions about GMOs to facilitate informed decision-making.

   - Review and Enhance Existing Legislation: Review and amend the "Law on Genetically Modified Organisms" to address existing gaps and strengthen regulations governing the production, import, and labeling of GMO products.

   - Establish a GMO Approval Process: Implement a rigorous approval process for introducing GMO products into the market, ensuring comprehensive testing for potential risks to human health and the environment.

   - Regular Monitoring: Establish a monitoring system to track GMO products in the market, ensuring compliance with regulations and appropriate labeling.

   - Educational Campaigns: Launch awareness campaigns to educate the public about GMOs, their potential risks, and the importance of informed decision-making.

   - Labeling Requirements: Enforce clear and mandatory labeling of GMO products, allowing consumers to make conscious choices based on accurate information.

   - Engagement with Stakeholders: Foster dialogue and engagement with consumer organizations, agricultural communities, and NGOs to promote an open discussion on GMOs, encouraging diverse perspectives and input.

3. Encouraging Organic and Sustainable Agriculture:

   - Support Organic Farming Practices: Implement incentives and subsidies for farmers practicing organic and sustainable agriculture, reducing the need for GMOs in crop production.

   - Research and Development: Promote research into alternative methods, such as conventional breeding and agroecology, to enhance crop productivity and resilience without the need for genetic modifications.

   - Support Local Agriculture: Develop policies and programs to support local farmers and reduce dependence on imported GMO products, thereby boosting the local economy.

   - Collaborative Research: Engage in international research collaborations to exchange knowledge and best practices in regulating GMOs and promoting sustainable agriculture.

   - Harmonization with International Standards: Align domestic regulations with international guidelines and standards, ensuring compatibility with global trade requirements and facilitating the export of non-GMO agricultural products.

As concerns about GMOs continue to grow globally, Azerbaijan must take proactive measures to address the presence of GMO products. By implementing a comprehensive policy plan that includes strengthening regulatory oversight, promoting public awareness, supporting organic agriculture, and enhancing international cooperation, Azerbaijan can create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly food system. With careful planning and stakeholder involvement, Azerbaijan can reduce the amount of GMO products and pave the way for a safer and more resilient agricultural sector.