Humans influence the environment in various ways. Prevalent impacts include the depletion of natural resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and contribution to climate change. Some of these significant effects are the immediate result of human activity, whereas other effects may result from the by-products of a series of human actions and environmental reactions.

Air Pollution

One of the most significant human impacts is the reduced ambient air quality. For example, excessive combustion of fossil fuels from power plants, industrial factories, and everyday motor vehicles release considerable quantities of air contaminants, including carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Among the pollutants, lead-based pollutants can be severe health hazards to human wellbeing as they lead to cancer, reproductive effects, and even congenital disabilities.

Water Pollution

Another significant impact humans pose on marine systems is excess inputs of nutrients. Nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen, are necessary for the survival and health of aquatic fauna and flora. However, we humans introduce a substantial amount of nutrients through the excessive use of fertilizers. Overly large quantities of nutrients drastically decrease water quality by producing overgrowth of algae and sensitive bacteria that consume the oxygen required for other species to survive. These nutrients can be carried downstream to other bays, rivers, and streams. Therefore, excessive nutrients can diminish water quality in areas far removed from where they were first introduced.

Solutions

There are several things that people can do to reduce their negative impact on the environment. Walking, biking, or taking public transportation rather than driving reduces toxic gas emissions. Minimizing the amount of fertilizer used in gardens, lawns, and vegetables will reduce the likelihood of nearby water pollution, improving the quality of drinking water, and enhancing human health. Cutting down the energy usage at home and in the workplace can reduce air pollution caused by coal-burning power plants. Any activity which minimizes energy and water consumption can also lead to positive impacts on the environment.