GIS that stands for Geographical Information System is the technological tool for comprehending geography by collecting, storing, manipulating data and providing the spatial analysis based on location. GIS uses software, hardware and data for capturing,managing, analyzing as well displaying every geographical information. It manages the data in such a form that a person who reads a map can easily select and use it in a necessary. GIS has a multidimensional function from data capture, data management, data manipulation, analysis and presenting in both visual graphic and report form by utilizing inherent characteristics of spatial data.

According to NASA, the average Earth’s temperature has increased by approximately 1.62 degree Fahrenheit since 19^th century, Scientists attribute problems like extreme weather events, rising sea levels and diminished ice sheets and glaciers to the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The Fourth National Climate Assessment, released by the U.S. Global Change Research Program in November 2018, predicted long-term consequences such as

· Worsening air quality

· A decline in crop production

· Greater incidence of food and waterborne diseases

· An increase in heat-related deaths in the U.S.

· Diminished populations of underwater creatures due to ocean acidification

Thus through the use of GIS expert can possibly reduce and monitor these problems, By bringing together GIS and climate change studies, spatial problem-solvers can seize opportunities to make a difference in the lives of future generations.

GIS application is fundamental in various field. With the help of GIS, the plotting of weather pattern all across the globe can be done which assists the scientist to predict how the particular area is going to be affected with the particular weather phenomenon. The geographic effect don’t exist in the bubble form, they have knock on effect. GIS can predict the upcoming calamities like flooding, drought, hurricans, tornadoes etc. By taking the historic data and current records , GIS can predict potential future changes to global temperatures, sea rises and global warming. Through spatial analysis we can make clear prediction of the what will the possible issues that we are going to face and what future may look on global scale. Climate change is the natural geographic circumstances which requires a geographic solutions. Thus through GIS users represent a vast knowledge, expertise and best practise in applying this cornerstone technology to the science of climate change and understanding its impact on natural and human systems. Addition to this implement in the field of climate change monitoring, carbon management, in disaster management along with identification of current and future risk and vulnerabilities of climate change, and so it is helpful for design and implementation adaptation operations. GIS technique assists in forest carbon mapping as a result of which reduce in the deforestation and reduce the carbon dioxide. GIS is the key components for forest carbon monitoring which the developing countries are in need to manage their forests. GIS help in climate modeling because of which the upcoming crises can be reduced, this is the key tools to know how our world was in past, is in present and will be in future. With this Scientists can determine the perfect places for harnessing alternate energy, mapping resources such as wind, and solar energy. GIS plays a major role in maintaining green community, which assists in visualizing existing green space, analyze carbon emission and sequestration and make a sound decision for any ecological activities.

To sum up, in the context of this technocrat world, technological application is of vast importance for efficient and effective work. GIS technology have set up mapping as a crucial means of identifying connections between the state of the climate and other area of concern, climate scientist gather vast amount of data to study the environmental conditions and problems to investigate the solutions, Thus GIS is considered as one of the crucial tool for the geographical consequences.

(P.S: I am very glad to share with you all that during this lockdown period, I got an opportunity to have training on ARCGIS, and my curiousity has level up for GIS, remote sensing and spatial analysis. Now I am learning various map making process, geoprocessing, buffer, interpolation and soon will learn QGIS, Cartography, I had also prepared some map on agriculture field, and in near future I am planning to work for climate change data).

 References:

http://www.esri.com/library/bestpractices/climate-change.pdf

http://www.climate.gov/teaching/resources/exploring-ncar-climate-change-data-using

http://gis.usc.edu/blog/hot-or-cold-how-gis-changes-our-perceptions-of-climate-change/

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260481535_GIS_Applications_in_a_Changin