Role of microorganism in climate change

Climate change is the today global concern though nowadays people’s life is being suffered by the pandemic. The rate of global warming is still increasing day by day and the key elements to be missed by the ecosystem are also being missed day by day.

However, if we gave a closer look at the ecosystem then we may not be able to encounter microorganisms and also their diversity. Microorganisms are also necessary and the most important component of the ecosystem. Most of us think that microorganisms are causative agents of diseases and they are not ecologically sound and most probably they are just useless. But it is not so todays shape of a clean and sound ecosystem is being maintained by microorganisms. They play a huge and important role in the degradation and bio cleaning environment [1].

The capability of microorganisms and their contributions is above all of the components in an ecosystem. In the natural ecosystem, the degraded complex products to the simplest are being taken up by plants in the form of minerals and essential nutrients. This is possible due to the continuous work of microorganisms. The primary function of microorganisms in the marine ecosystem is to involve in carbon sequestration activities and also involves the degradation of complex dead and decayed products [2].

What are the exact functions of microorganisms in climate change adaptation?

Microorganisms offer resistance to plant growth and development and maintaining crop health in a variety of ways offered directly and indirectly.

Trichoderma sp. a fungus promises for sustainable plant growth promotion and also offers resistance to different diseases that are encountered on plants due to climate change A[3]–[7]. Trichoderma promises to increases the crop stand in high temperatures offering the coolant effect and resistance to heat stress [8]. It is especially reported in wheat which is sown in late condition especially in indo-Gangetic plains.

Bacillus sp is a much wider range of microorganisms with its various strains with their specific functions but Bacillus Subtilis offers the much diverse ecosystem services concerning climate change. Plant growth promotion, resistance to plant pathogenic microorganisms, bio fertilization, bio pesticidal behavior, abiotic resistance, heat resistance, and other many more ecosystem services are offered by Bacillus sp. [9]–[14].

Still more the capability of microorganisms is yet to be discovered and also their services are yet to be identified [8].

Some other adaptations and resistance offered to plants are:

Symbiotic association in rhizosphere and siderophore for conducting different activities

Blockade of unwanted microorganism in the colony and rhizosphere region

Resistance to global increasing temperature

Resistance to biotic stress

Offering drought tolerance [15]

Picture has been adopted from forbes magazine: Microbes can handle global warming, right?

Link: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2016/03/03/microbes-can-handle-global-warming-right/#4b5a290c7fb4

References

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY [1]        U. Bishnoi, PGPR Interaction: An Ecofriendly Approach Promoting the Sustainable Agriculture System, vol. 75, no. November. Elsevier Ltd, 2015.

[2]        R. Cavicchioli et al., “Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change,” Nat. Rev. Microbiol., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 569–586, 2019.

[3]        D. Sarkar, S. Ray, N. K. Singh, A. Rakshit, and H. B. Singh, “Seed Priming with Bio-inoculants Triggers Nutritional Enrichment in Vegetables : A Review,” no. December, pp. 727–735, 2018.

[4]        F. Pérez-Montaño et al., “Plant growth promotion in cereal and leguminous agricultural important plants: From microorganism capacities to crop production,” Microbiol. Res., vol. 169, no. 5–6, pp. 325–336, 2014.

[5]        M. Ashraf, M. S. A. Ahmad, M. Öztürk, and A. Aksoy, “Crop production for agricultural improvement,” Crop Prod. Agric. Improv., vol. 9789400741, pp. 1–796, 2012.

[6]        T. Assunção de Almeida, P. Roberto Fidelis Giancotti, B. Alvenir Dornelles de Lima, D. Dalla Nora, and R. Rosso Gomes, “Biofertilizer Microgeo ® on Rice Crop: Yield and Seed Quality,” J. Agric. Sci., vol. 10, no. 5, 2018.

[7]        S. Hasan, “Bioremediation : A Review,” vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 776–779, 2016.

[8]        S. Thapa, N. Rai, and A. K. Limbu, “Impact of Trichoderma sp . in Agriculture : A Mini-Review Impact of Trichoderma sp . in Agriculture : A Mini-Review,” J. Biol. today’s world, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 227, 2020.

[9]        T. A. de Almeida, P. R. F. Giancotti, B. A. D. de Lima, D. Dalla Nora, and R. R. Gomes, “Biofertilizer Microgeo® on Rice Crop: Yield and Seed Quality,” J. Agric. Sci., vol. 10, no. 5, p. 288, 2018.

[10]      A. Kumar, A. Prakash, and B. N. Johri, “Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems,” Bact. Agrobiol. Crop Ecosyst., pp. 37–59, 2011.

[11]      P. N. Bhattacharyya and D. K. Jha, “Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Emergence in agriculture,” World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1327–1350, 2012.

[12]      A. Príncipe et al., “Biocontrol and PGPR features in native strains isolated from saline soils of Argentina,” Curr. Microbiol., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 314–322, 2007.

[13]      S. Bin Li, M. Fang, R. C. Zhou, and J. Huang, “Characterization and evaluation of the endophyte Bacillus B014 as a potential biocontrol agent for the control of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae - Induced blight of Anthurium,” Biol. Control, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2012.

[14]      A. G. M. Ahmad, A. Z. G. Attia, M. S. Mohamed, and H. E. Elsayed, “Fermentation, formulation and evaluation of PGPR Bacillus subtilis isolate as a bioagent for reducing occurrence of peanut soil-borne diseases,” J. Integr. Agric., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 2080–2092, 2019.

[15]      D. P. Singh and R. Prabha, “Microbial interventions in agriculture and environment,” Microb. Interv. Agric. Environ. Vol. 3 Soil Crop Heal. Manag., no. November 2019, pp. 1–491, 2019.