The Paddy cultivation in Nepal is done on around 1.52 million hectar. It is done under rainfed and irrigated condition. Soil type, rice cultivar and temperature also affect methane emission rate. Paddy cultivation are mainly done in flooded condition . Anaerobic decomposition of organic materials takes place, as flooding creates an antoxic environment ( limits the oxygen supply to the deeper layers producing methane) which is conductive for methane production by anaerobic methanogenic bacteria. Annual methane emission from paddy field showed within a range from 111.57 to 133.07 Gg over years, 2000 to 2010. As this methane gas emission from paddy field affects global warming, we should be aware about the mitigation measures. Some of them are as follows:

1.Increase awareness on soil health, soil chemistry and emission of GHGs among farmers.

2.Promotion of alternate drying and wetting of rice fields to mitigate methane emission and increase water use efficiency .

3.Use of low C:N organic manure.

4.Promotion of leaf colour chart on nitrogen input needs in rice fields.

5.Improve agronomic practices, crop diversification, crop rotation with legumes.

6.Agriculture sector must be Climate Smart to successfully tackle current Food security and climate change challenges.

7.Promotion of adaptation measures that help people and ecosystem reduce their vulnerability to the adverse impact of climate change.