Trichoderma spp.  In sustainable agriculture : A review report

Trichoderma is a genus of fungus belongs to family Hypocreaceae and comprises more than 100 species [1]. Though there are more than 100 species very few were reported economically important includes T. viridae, T. artoviridae, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. haumatum [2]–[7]. These are reported for their ability to degrade the complex chemicals and recalcitrant compounds present in soil [8]–[10]. The so applied chemical fertilizer, pesticide, herbicides, and other organopolluants and heavy metals are inapt for soil microflora and not all could act upon this [11]. Trichoderma is the best alternative to be used for scavenging of chemical pollution in soil [12]. The use of Trichoderma is not only limited to bioremediation and bioaccumulation but are also widely recommended for their use in organic agriculture where inorganic pesticide and fertilizers are discarded.

The uses of Trichoderma against plant pathogenic microorganism is reported positive and suppressed the activity of plant pathogenic microorganisms like Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Botrytis cinerea [13], S. sclerotium  Meloidogyne javanica and so on. They are proved highly beneficial while applied in tomato and chili with an increase in yield and fruit quality [14], [15]. This is the reason why it is recommended as a biofertilizer and is highly attributed to its multipurpose uses.

The use of Trichoderma has not only suppressed pathogen infestation but also proved as a proper biofertilizer and plant growth promoter [14], [15]. They are one of the most suitable tools applied in organic farming for sustainable farming and are more effective when applied with compost rather than chemical fertilizers [18].

Thank you and hope this to be very useful

Available in the market in the name of biopesticide or simple as Trichoderma formulant.

References

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[2]        R. Badar and S. A. Qureshi, “Comparative effect of Trichoderma hamatum and host-specific Rhizobium species on growth of Vigna mungo,” J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 128–132, 2012.

[3]        F. Doni, A. Isahak, C. R. Che Mohd Zain, and W. M. Wan Yusoff, “Physiological and growth response of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) to Trichoderma spp. inoculants,” AMB Express, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2014.

[4]        N. Fiorentino et al., “Trichoderma-based biostimulants modulate rhizosphere microbial populations and improve N uptake efficiency, yield, and nutritional quality of leafy vegetables,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 9, no. June, pp. 1–15, 2018.

[5]        taghavi Ghasemkheylif,  h Piradasthi, M. Bahmanyar, and G. Tajik, “SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND CADMIUM ON TOLERANCE INDEX AND YIELD OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.),” J. Crop Ecophysiol. (AGRICULTURE Sci., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 465–481, 2015.

[6]        N. Pandey, M. Adhikhari, and B. Bhantana, “Trichoderma and Its Prospects in Agriculture of Nepal: An Overview,” Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 309–316, 2019.

[7]        G. C. Ramesh and B. R. Pandey, “Evaluation of Trichoderma spp ., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato Shiva Yendyo Referee Status :,” no. 0, pp. 1–22, 2018.

[8]        P. Adams, F. A. A. M. De-Leij, and J. M. Lynch, “Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22 mediates growth promotion of crack willow (Salix fragilis) saplings in both clean and metal-contaminated soil,” Microb. Ecol., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 306–313, Aug. 2007.

[9]        Drynet, “Trichoderma spp and its potential in soil bioremediation,” Estud. y Gest. Ambient., no. January, pp. 1–22, 2010.

[10]      G. E. Harman, M. Lorito, and J. M. Lynch, “Uses of Trichoderma spp. to alleviate or remediate soil and water pollution,” Adv. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 56, pp. 313–330, 2004.

[11]      P. Tripathi et al., “Trichoderma: A potential bioremediator for environmental clean up,” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 15, no. 4. Springer, pp. 541–550, 04-Aug-2013.

[12]      J. C. K. Tabet and E. P. Lichtenstein, “Degradation of [14C]photodieldrin by Trichoderma viride as affected by other insecticides,” Can. J. Microbiol., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1345–1356, 1976.

[13]      K. Brunner et al., “Improvement of the Fungal Biocontrol Agent,” vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 3959–3965, 2005.

[14]      E. Sharon, M. Bar-Eyal, I. Chet, A. Herrera-Estrella, O. Kleifeld, and Y. Spiegel, “Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum,” Phytopathology, vol. 91, no. 7, pp. 687–693, 2001.

[15]      A. Kumar, A. Patel, S. Singh, and R. Tiwari, “Effect of Trichoderma spp. in Plant Growth Promotion in Chilli,” Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., vol. 8, no. 03, pp. 1574–1581, 2019.

[16]      M. M. Haque, G. Ilias, and A. Molla, “Impact of Trichoderma-enriched Biofertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.),” Agric., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 109–119, 2012.

[17]      G. E. Harman, “Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp.,” Phytopathology, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 190–194, 2006.

[18]      S. Mahato, S. Bhuju, and J. Shrestha, “Effect of Trichoderma Viride As Biofertilizer on Growth and Yield of Wheat,” Malaysian J. Sustain. Agric., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 01–05, 2018.