A REPORT ON WATER POLLUTION IN BHAKTAPUR.by Sameer Singh | 30-03-2020 18:35 |
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INTRODUCTION Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the in form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. In 2015, pollution killed 9 million people in the world. Major forms of pollution include: Air pollution, light pollution, littering, noise pollution, plastic pollution, soil contamination, radioactive contamination, thermal pollution, visual pollution, water pollution. The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them: Air pollution: the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by their micrometre size PM10 to PM2.5. Electromagnetic pollution: the overabundance of electromagnetic radiation in their non-ionizing form, like radio waves, etc., that people are constantly exposed at, especially in large cities. It's still unknown whether or not those types of radiation have any effects on human health, though. Light pollution: includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. Littering: the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private properties. Noise pollution: which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Plastic pollution: involves the accumulation of plastic products and microplastics in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans. Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE,[22] herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Radioactive contamination, resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the environment.) Thermal pollution, is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash, municipal solid waste or space debris. Water pollution, by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides; also including human feces from open defecation – still a major problem in many developing countries); groundwater pollution from waste disposal and leaching into the ground, including from pit latrines and septic tanks; eutrophication and littering. Some of the main causes of pollution include industrial emissions,poor disposal of wastes,mining, deforestation,use of fossil fuels and agricultural activities. Pollution can affect the land and water bodies throughout the world. objectIVES To find out the reasons behind the condition of visited polluted side(Hanumante river). To find out the problems faced by people living near the river. To find out possible solutions to overcome the effects of pollution and decrease pollution as a whole. To find out effect on the other environmental aspects. To aware people living in the surrounding about the effects and solving measures. METHODOLOGY Site selection Hanumante river of Barahisthan Bhaktapur was selected as the site for study to prepare report Since,it is one among the most polluted rivers of Bhaktapur which is degrading quality of water, as affecting health of people living nearby, hanumante river was choosen. Timely action must be taken by nearby municipalities so that it won¡¯t affect health of more other peoples,so this report on Hanumante river may be helpful to attract responsible community, so the site was chosen. The river is located at Barahisthan near Barahi temple of Bhaktapur. Many of people residing around this area are found to be of newar community and are involved in farming. Data collection Following Primary methods of data collection were used. Field visit : The polluted site was visited to observe the condition of river water and surrounding of river. Interview:Interview was taken with the local peoples about the causes of water pollution,it¡¯s effect in their health,and they were asked the possible solutions. Secondary method Published reports on Hanumante river, reports on the causes of pollution were studied to prepare the report RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The major problems and possible solutions for the problems are discussed below: Removing pollutants from river water through physical,chemical or biological process.The more efficient these processes are, the cleaner the water becomes Air pollution has a direct impact on water contamination as 25% of human induced co2 emissions are absorbed by water resources. So air pollution must be controlled. More than 50% of plastic materials on river is from land sources. In order to reduce the amount of plastic entering water resource, we need to reduce plastic use and improve plastic management. The main reason for polluted water of Hanumante river is mixing of drainage pipes and sewages in river water. This system must be managed so as to improve condition. It has been seen that,after festive season, all the flower and other wastes are thrown in the water, thus degrading quality of water and river as a whole. Thus it must not be done. Flowers and waste materials must be disposed at proper place. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The polluted river has very negeative effects on public health. A lot of diseases result from use of such contaminated water such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, dysentery etc.So, the river water most be cleaned up timely. Water pollution truly harms biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. The toxic chemicals can change the color of water and increase amount of minerals-also known as Eutrophication-which has a bad impact on life of water. So timely action must be taken to make the river clean. REFERENCES www.divineyouthclubnepal.org www.akhabar.com www.solarimpulse.com |
