Affordable and clean energy

SDG Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy

Conversion of biomass into Biogas, Biofuel and electricity production

Biofuel cells (BFCs) have become a potent source of alternative and clean energy compared to traditional fuel cells. BFC mainly utilizes microbes and enzymes as electron exchangers and have the ability to convert chemical energy to electrical energy via electrochemical reactions using biocatalysts. Microbial BFCs utilize enzymes that are produced intracellularly or on the cell surface, thus exhibiting advantages over enzymatic BFCs in areas of long-term stability and higher efficiency; whereas controlled environment and accumulation of a load of catalysts in enzymatic BFCs make them have a high turnover rate but a shorter half-life. Biomass in any form can be utilized for BFCs. Natural biomass either plays the role of a substrate for an enzymatic BFCs or the producer of microbial BFCs. Various BFCs have since been reported which effectively depolymerize various components of biomass to their primitive forms. Also, some definitive biomasses act as electron mediators or co-substrate between the biocatalysts and the electrode. Specific biomass has been known to stimulate the production of certain enzymes, which are further used for either microbial BFCs or enzymatic BFCs. Thus, BFCs from biomass provide an economical approach and can be further used for industrial purposes and also for different environmental issues.

                                                                                                                                                                          Liquid mature is bland with maize, silage before fermentation in fermentation tank. Now, liquid waste is heated with hot water at 70 degree Celsius in tubular heat exchanger using counter current process. After heating for 1 hour hydrogenation of  substrate is complete and now they can be pour into fermenter/ fermentation tank. Substrate is continuously stirred in order to prevent formation of layers of material. Hot water boil heater boils substrate at about 35-55 degree Celsius. In order to accelerate formation of methane on average, substance in fermenter remains for about 30 days before it is filled in another fermenter. For a further 30 days to complete gas formation process, during this slurry undergoes fermentation in presence of anaerobic bacteria. With gradual evolution of biogas, starts collecting in dome shape container. As the time passes more and more biogas collected inside the  dome thereby exerting pressure on the slurry on the tank and this in turns enforce the slurry to overflow. This slurry drawn periodically is used as a manure. After fermentation is completed thin liquid is passed on next tanks where it is stored until brought out to the field.

                                    Alternative energy promotion!!!

                         Biomass- A renewable energy source!!