Eco-criticism, in its broadest definition, provides a critical examination of the relationship between human and inhuman throughout the cultural history of humanity. This book tries to reflect these tendencies by including both literary and cultural eco-criticism.

Is it really enough to discuss environmental issues only scientifically? At this point, eco-criticism says that environmental problems should be subject to cultural studies.

Eco-criticism allows us to critically examine the metaphors used in environmental debates, and moreover, to predict which metaphor can have the desired effect on a particular community at which point in history. (page 32)

The book Eco-Criticism: Cultural Debates on Ecology and the Environment examines eco-critical concepts and the “earth” “ozone hole” and their transformation under the headings of pollution, wildlife, apocalypse, abode, animals and the world.

This book has eight chapters. Starting with the Approaches section, the book explains concepts such as abundance, deep ecology, ecofeminism and social ecology. And the other sections are pastoral, pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals and the earth.

Biosphere is shown with 2 failed missions in this book: technical problems and elevated level of carbon dioxide. And these problems would have killed the biounits were it not for external intervention.

Garrard’s focus is on developments within British and North American ecocriticism, but his approach, which is rhetorical or tropological, clearly has relevance to ecocriticism elsewhere as well.