INTRODUCTION

           Organic waste or green waste is organic material that include  plants and  animals based material and degradable carbon such as paper, cardboard and timber which may be broken down by other living organisms. They are biodegradable, re-usable and recyclable. Waste are known as a unwanted products but if we manage them wisely then it can be converted into a useful product i.e. organic manure. In recent year, people become more conscious about the use and benefit of organic waste. They collect wastes and use it after processed. It has diversified used, as it is not only environment friendly but also increase the fertility and productivity of soil. Proper utilization of organic waste is the key factor for organic farming and sustainable agriculture.     

        Recycling of organic wastes such as crop residues, dung and urine from domesticated animals and wastages from slaughter  house, human excreta  and sewage, biomass of weeds, sugarcane trash, oilcakes, press mud and fly ash from thermal power plants , organic wastes from fruit and vegetables production and household wastes, helps in utilization of such organic wastes. Some form of organic wastes are as follow;

Liquid type

          Waste in liquid form that include both point source and non- point source discharges such as storm water and waste water.

Solid type

         Waste in solid form such as rubbish make in home, food wastes, broken furniture.

   Both solid and liquid organic wastes with their nutritive value can be grouped as below:

Sugarcane trash

            It is the biomass of sugarcane remained after extraction of juice  in the sugarcane industry. Fresh sugarcane trash contains 0.36% N with a wide C:N ratio of 122:1. The compost trash contains higher contents of N 1.09% with reduced C:N ratio (20:1).

Bio-gas slurry

Bio-gas slurry is a safe, organic, liquid fertilizers that can be applied to crops. Organic materials from animal wastes are very important nutritional sources in building up soil fertility. Dry slurry contains about 1.8% N, 1.10 % P2O5 and 1.5% K2O.

Municipal and sewage wastes

       One of the important component of organic wastes. Sewage and sludge contains 0.3% N, 2%P and 0.3% K, such organic wastes should be used carefully it may contains metal thus hazard plants, animals and human beings.

 Industrial wastes

        Among the industrial by- products, spent wash from distillaries and molasses and press mud from sugar molasses have good manorial value. Addition of press mud improves the soil fertility it is reclamation agent in saline and sodic soil.

Crop residue

       Residue left out after the harvest of the economic portion are called crop residues. Cereal straw and residue contains about 0.5% N, 0.6% P and 1.5% K. The crop residues can be recycled by way of incorporation compost making or mulch material. Sewages and sludge contain sufficient macro and micro nutrition to support decomposition. Some industrial wastes may be deficient in one or more nutrition

Rice husk

      It is the major by-products of the rice milling industry and poor source of manure and nutrition,0.3% N, 0.2% P, and 0.3%K. Rice husk should be incorporated into the wet soil and can be used in saline and alkaline soil to improve the physical condition.

Utilization of Organic Wastes

     Land application of organic waste material is a desirable disposal alternative. Not only are costs usually lower relative to other disposal method but the waste material is beneficial for the soil and crop production. Organic materials contain nutrients needed for crop growth and also improve soil tilt, increase water holding capacity, lessen wind and water erosion, improve aeration and promote soil biological activity and chemical properties( Cation exchange capacity).Organic wastes are applied on the soil by composting , green manuring ,FYM, vermicompost. Utilization of organic wsates leads to the healthy and clean environment. It should be utilized properly, if not it can have adverse effect to the human health and environment.