Construction or development activities are being rapidly done all over the world. The major issue is to conduct such activities along with the environmental conservation activities. So, the need of evaluating the consequences of such projects on environment is done by the help of EIA. EIA is simply the project tools which are used to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of any construction projects. Environment Impact assessment is simply defined as the process of identifying the future consequences of a current or proposed action.

EIA is used to identify and predict the impact on the environment and on man’s health and well being of legislative proposals, policies, programs, projects and operational procedures and to interpret and communicate information about the impact. The use of EIA began in 1970 in the USA and spread rapidly throughout the world. In Nepal, the Sixth Plan (1980-’85) recognized the need for EIA for major infrastructure projects. EIA should be designed as a preventive measure.

The Environmental Impact Assessment has the following steps in any project. Major steps in the EIA process are:

è Screening

è Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

è Scoping

è Full-Scale Assessment

è EIA Review and Decision Making

è Monitoring and Follow-Up

After completing all this steps, the project undergoes the following consequences, Approval , Approval with conditions, Approval subject to ongoing investigation , Further investigation required , Request for a supplementary, or new, EIA report  or Rejection. EIA is a process which should have influence at many stages and over a considerable period of time; it is not an activity aimed at producing a single set of results for use at one specific decision-making stage. The EIA process should be adaptive; scoping and assessment should continually evolve throughout the entire process as more information becomes known.