One of the most noticeable effects of climate change in Uzbekistan is the more frequent occurrence and heightened intensity of extreme weather events. Droughts, heatwaves, and irregular rainfall patterns have become more common, exerting significant pressure on the agricultural sector. Uzbekistan heavily relies on agriculture for both domestic consumption and exports, particularly cotton production. However, water scarcity and changing precipitation patterns have adversely affected crop yields, resulting in substantial economic losses and concerns about food security.

Another noteworthy consequence of climate change in Uzbekistan is the melting of glaciers in its mountainous regions. These glaciers act as natural reservoirs, supplying water to rivers and streams during the summer months when rainfall is scarce. The loss of glaciers reduces the availability of freshwater resources, exacerbating water scarcity issues in the region. This not only impacts agriculture but also poses challenges for providing drinking water to the population, leading to additional hardships.

Climate change has also brought about significant changes in Uzbekistan's ecosystems and biodiversity. Alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns have disrupted the distribution of plant and animal species. Certain species that are adapted to specific climatic conditions may struggle to adapt to the new realities, causing imbalances and disruptions in local ecosystems. Additionally, the increased occurrence of wildfires, fueled by drier conditions, poses a severe threat to the country's forests and wildlife habitats, further exacerbating the loss of biodiversity.

In response to the challenges posed by climate change, Uzbekistan has implemented various measures to mitigate its impact and adapt to the changing climate. The government has prioritized enhancing water management strategies to improve irrigation practices and increase water use efficiency in agriculture.