1. Identification of pests

The main pest and disease species, the general predators and other natural enemies and environmental (shelter, food, temperature, humidity?) factors that affect pest development are identified. Knowledge about biology (their life cycles) and ecology of the pests, the damage they do, their natural enemies and the effects both on the pests and on the crop. 

2. Monitoring of pests 

Monitor the incidence of diseases and the populations of pests and beneficial insects in crops to determine the abundance, life cycles, levels of damage and the optimum time to apply control methods. If possible, this information should be related to the phonology (growth patterns) of the crops/trees. Record and summarize the monitoring information so that relationships and seasonal trends of pests, damage and beneficial insects can be recognized within the crops/trees. Low levels of damage should be tolerated and only controlled when necessary if pest numbers increase (or are likely to increase) and raise the level of damage.

3. Threshold Level

Determine the threshold level—the point at which the pest or its damage becomes unacceptable. The threshold level may be related to the beauty, health, or economic value of the crop. Once the threshold level has been reached, determination of what type of control procedure is needed. This decision will be based on the size of the pest population, the kind of damage the pest is causing, and the control measures that are available. It is also very important to consider the cost effectiveness of potential controls.  Carefully weigh the cost of control, the value of the tree, and the impact of the pest damage on the value of the tree has to be considered.

Some literatures put together identification, motoring and economic threshold of pests under pest surveillance.

Once monitoring, identification, and action thresholds indicate that pest control is required, and preventive methods are no longer effective or available, IPM programs then evaluate the proper control method both for effectiveness and risk. Effective, less risky pest controls are chosen first.  Tactics involved with these IPM control strategies can be divided into cultural controls, physical, legal, biological control and chemical control strategies.

To conclude note that, IPM aims to fight against ignorance in many farmers who always thinks of pesticides (chemicals) in case their crops are infected by some pests. Hence many chemicals are going to disqualify the soil eventually. With poor soil, it means green living are not growing well, which means oxygen will be scarce and then the ozone layer came affected in that way. LET US UNDERSTAND WHAT WE USE TO CONTEROL PESTS. There are many strategies to consider like, physical, biological, and cultural instead of chemicals.