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Counting Fish, Saving a Lake : The story of Vembanad Kayal

by George Zacharia | 06-08-2018 23:51






Kerala, "God's Own Country", is most known for its Backwaters, compared to those of Venues, but more Greener and treating to the eyes, earning it a nickname "The Venice of the East".

The main part of these backwaters is the region called "Kuttanad", a place in the Allapuzha District. A main lake is the contributor of the waters here, the "Vembanad Kayal" or the "Vembanad Lake".

This is a huge ecosystem, with many types of aquatic life thriving in the waters. But, the water gets polluted due to unregulated tourism, draining of fertilizers, etc from fields, improper sewage management, etc.

The Vembanad Lake is the longest and 2nd largest in India and finally flows into the Arabian Sea.

In the 1950s, a proposal came for making a bund or an embankment to prevent the flow of water from Kochi to Allapuzha. This led to the building of the "Thaneermukkam Embankment/Bund"in thr 1970s.
Following this, the part in Kochi draining to Arabian Sea started having more of salty water and the one in Allapuzha was more of freshwater.

The bund is closed in the months of December to March when the agriculture is done in the southern side. This leads to a big dilemma. The fertilizers and pesticides flowing from the agricultural fields drain to these water bodies and add to the nutrition of the river.
This led to excessive growth of plants like Eicchornia, etc on the surface of the lake which led to obstruction of Oxygen supply to the fish, cutting it off, leading to suffocation and death of the aquatic life. 

It is under these circumstances that a citizen science initiative, called the Vembanad Fish Count, was born ten years ago. The event brings together experts, students, researchers, enthusiasts and fisherfolk.

The event is held each year in May, a conducive period just before the rains as the whole of the past year's activity as well as the conditions prevailing for the next year can be recorded. The volunteers start their day in one of the many morning cruises that venture into the backwaters to document the fish species and numbers. The fish are caught from multiple locations using different types of nets and are identified. The collected samples are tediously processed and preserved for future reference. Besides counting the fish, the volunteers also record the water quality for monitoring purposes.

This activity helps to know the depth of action required to protect the marine life and take necessary steps. 

The Kuttanad Water Balance Study (1989) had reported 60 species of fishes from the southern side of the lake and 150 species from the entire lake. However, the Vembanad fish count of 2008-2011 recorded just 67 species.

It just points out that we need to do a lot to solve the issue. Tourists should dispose waste properly and there should be areas where waste can be properly thrown.
Farmers should be educated to use Bio-fertilizer and Bio-pesticides, etc and to avoid draining and usage of excess chemicals that could pollute the water bodies.
Policies can help encourage making changes. Hope this project keeps making differences and continues to be an example of how various stakeholders can join hands to protect the environment.

Reference:
https://researchmatters.in/news/how-citizen-science-helping-save-keralas-fish-species

Credits:
Photos from: https://vincahotels.com/vinca-lake-house/tag/vembanad-kayal/ , https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vembanad-fish-count-records-117-species/article24002712.ece , https://www.currentconservation.org/issues/one-fish-two-fish-three-fish-collective-counting-and-democratic-conservation-in-keralas-backwaters/ , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanneermukkom#/media/File:%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A.jpg