Meanwhile, harvesting water from the air using metal-organic frameworks is a practical method of deriving water from the Ugandan humid climate for areas suffering from poor water sanitation. The PIZOF-2 (Porous Interpenetrated Zirconium-Organic Framework), series are specially designed molecules based on Zirconium metal ions and dicarboxylic chains capable of trapping water molecules from air along its walls and in its geometric form. The water-harvesting device using PIZOFs is ideal for 70-90% humidity; the average humidity for Uganda is 80.3% (Hyunho). When most of the water molecules are in the air, the air diffuses through the MOF layer in which water molecules are trapped. Using little non-concentrated flux from the sun, the MOF ?sponge? is heated to desorpt the water molecules it collects as pure water vapor. Those molecules are directed into contact with a thermo-electrically cooled plate. As it cools, the water droplets condense on the plate within minutes and the process repeats itself day to day. Current research presents that with PIZOF-2, 0.4 to 0.7 kg of water can be absorbed from the atmosphere per kilogram of absorbent (MOF) in Uganda?s humidity as one of the MOFs with the largest capacity dependent on its surface area (Hyunho).

This process explained above will contribute to our multi-layer solution by creating a reliable system which can trap and convert water vapor into potable water. After our initial step of utilizing intelligent pills and ATOMS technology to diagnose which areas of Uganda have the lowest quality access to water, we plan on installing the harvesting water systems in these areas. By utilizing the air instead of natural water sources as previously suggested, we can bypass the huge underlying problem of the despicable state of the available water sources in Uganda and instead focus on a new innovative method to achieve our goal of access to clean water. Additionally, as the MOFs only take in the specific molecules needed for this process, namely water vapor molecules, the low quality of the air condition in Uganda does not hinder this process at all. Speaking in up-scaled terms, after the MOFs take in the water molecules and the plate condenses them into water, the water can be collected into reservoirs where calcium and magnesium may be added to improve the taste of water. This on-site solution for a developing country eliminates the need for water infrastructure maintenance of transportation and can be used in communities off the grid. Also, as a majority of the horrible water and air conditions in present-day Uganda are direct results from human contamination and behavior, the general access to clean water increases through our technology system, the pollution levels will go down, opening up new possibilities of utilizing a prominent natural water source such as the Lake Victoria to exponentially increase water supply, as is the case in many developed countries.

Using biomedical imaging to first diagnose (pinpoint hazardous chemicals stored in ill bodies that come from the water), analyzing the health status of Ugandans by region, utilizing MOFs to ?collect? water from the atmosphere in large systems, and distributing these technologies with the least risk of contamination to areas in need of potable water, the project will provide Ugandans with the miracle-material that will improve their overall health and prevent the spread of diseases.

If the average population of these initial, rural communities estimated by the US to require improved water is 1.2 million and 0.2 million in urban centres (CS5O), with a realistic goal of providing 1.9 L of water per day per person requires 2.66 million L of water provided daily. MOFs capable of providing 2.8 L of water per 1 kg of MOFs which generally cost $150 would cost $142.5 million (costs of MOFs).

To alleviate the water crisis from the 23 million people in Uganda affected by contamination would require $2.34 billion.

Following the same line of logic, to provide each of the 40 million people in Uganda requiring 1.9 L every day with water, the cost would add up to $4.07 billion.

However, every global solution starts small, and eliminating the diseases from even the 1.4 million in need would decrease the need in other communities by preventing the spread and presence of diseases. Once these new systems of infrastructure are implemented, they will require little maintenance annually and minimal replacement of parts or substances.

This methodology could potentially be applied to other developing countries where water sanitation is lacking, thus bringing us closer to eliminating the water crisis globally.

Water is commonly referred to as the liquid gold - it fulfills the most basic of human needs. Aside from consumption, water is used for agricultural maintenance, industrial workpower, recreational and environmental activities - this is just to name a few.