Endangered Species:

An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after Critically Endangered (CR).

In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3079 animal and 2655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1102 and 1197.

Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species: for example, forbidding hunting, restricting land development or creating preserves. Population numbers, trends and species' conservation status can be found at the lists of organisms by population.

The conservation status of a species indicates the likelihood that it will become extinct. Many factors are considered when assessing the conservation status of a species; e.g., such statistics as the number remaining, the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, or known threats. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best-known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system.

Over 50% of the world's species are estimated to be at risk of extinction. Internationally, 199 countries have signed an accord to create Biodiversity Action Plans that will protect endangered and other threatened species. In the United States, such plans are usually called Species Recovery Plans.

Endangered Species of Nepal:

Because of heavy smuggling, Nepal has been facing the extreme problem of endangered animals. As per my research on the internet, I found that from the year 1950 to 1980, Nepal has lost half of its forest cover. Due to the increase in population, the people cleared forest and make home and rooms for their family. Today less than 30% of the total land of Nepal is covered with forest. Furthermore, the practice of livelihood farming has put great pressure on the forest lands and wild animals. These, attended by the increasing problems of smuggling have meant that several species of animals have become endangered in Nepal.

Conservation of Endangered Animals:

The hunting and smuggling of the animals are making them listed in the endangered animals lists. Some of them are killed for their skin, some for their trunk, some for their bones which are of very high cost. If these animals are completely disappearing from the earth then there will be a huge effect on the ecosystem. The loss of habitats due to the change of ecosystem and Negative effect on the natural environment are also the factors affecting lives of animals or birds for that matter.

The following measures should be endorsed in order to preserve rare animals and to maintain the ecosystem.

-Conservation of Ecosystem.

-Restriction in hunting.

-Public Participation in conservation program

-Awareness Programs

-Reduction of effects of Human activities

Endangered Fauna of Nepal:

A total of 208 mammal species have been recorded to occur in Nepal. Of these 23% are considered to be Nationally Threatened with extinction, with 4% of species considered Critically Endangered, 12% Endangered and 7% Vulnerable. A further 3% are considered Near Threatened, meaning they are likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. Thirty-five percent of Nepal’s mammals are considered Least Concern, and 38% are considered Data Deficient.  

There are 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and 3 species of reptiles which are given legal protection under 1973 National Parks and Wildlife Act. Following are the list of endangered species of Nepal.

Protected mammal species list under the NPWC Act 2029:

Birds listed in schedule I of NPWC Act 2029:

English Name                       Scientific Name                  

White Stork                            Ciconia ciconia

Black Stork                             Ciconia nigra

Himalayan Monal                  Lophophorus impejanus

Satyr Tragopan                      Tragopan satyra

Cheer Pheasant                      Catreus wallichii

Bengal Florican                      Houbaropsis bengalensis

Lesser Florican                      Sypheotides indica

Sarus Crane                            Grus antigone¹

Great Hornbill                        Buceros bicornis

Protected reptile species:

English Name                     Scientific Name                  

Python                                   Python molurus

Gharial Crocodile                Gavialis gangeticus

Golden Monitor Lizard     Varanus flavescens

Let’s protect our species. 😊 😊

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