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Water Pollution in Sudan |
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by Razaan ABAKAR | 29-04-2017 02:04
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For thousands of years, the people of Sudan have been depended on the Nile's water for survival since it is the main drinking water source in Sudan. One of the main environmental problems in Sudan is the problem with water pollution. This is particularly truth for Khartoum more than any other city along the river, because Khartoum is the biggest city in Sudan and has the biggest population. The increasing number of citizens has certainly increased the sanitation problem (Ali, 1999) which, in turn, contributes directly to the quality of the Nile water as no treatment of the sanitation water is performed (El-Khodari, 2003).
Due to population growth in Khartoum and the parallel increasing anthropogenic activities, water pollution is increasing over time and facing an increasing problem (Ali, 1999). Polluted effluents discharged to the water system derive from several sources. One of the major sources is the disposal of untreated or semi-treated domestic effluents into water bodies. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides is another major source of water pollution despite the success in considerable reduction of the use of agro-chemicals during the past decade. Additionally, many of the industrial establishments do not comply with the law, which means that they dump their wastewater untreated into surface water bodies as well as inject it into groundwater. There are many factories in the city of Khartoum that have impacts directly or indirectly on the River Nile, such as clay pits, i.e. industries for manufacture of building blocks, spread along the bank of the Blue Nile for more than 50 kilometres. The clay pits produce a lot of carbon dioxide generated from combustion of mud and outputs. Another source of pollutants is the use of chlorine gas, i.e disinfection of water and bleaching processes. The chlorine gas is soluble in water due to the formation of a mixture of hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid, according to: Cl2 + H2O = HOCl + HCl The hydrochloric acid is completely dissolved in water to chloride and a proton, of which the latter contribute to water?s acidity. Also, the chlorine compounds are effective chlorinators of natural organic matter present in the water and carcinogenic trihalomethanes and organochlorines may be formed (WEF and ASCE, 1991). However, also the residual chlorine is toxic to many kinds of aquatic life (Mattice and Zittel, 1976). The chlorine compounds may cause chronic diarrhea, which is more deployed in areas close to the Blue Nile in Khartoum (UNMIS, 2007),
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8 Comments
thanks for sharing
Posted 06-02-2018 22:30
good report
Posted 06-02-2018 22:28
@Cheonghan, Thank you too, the government add PAC and ALUM to clean the drinking water, but not in sufficient amount
Posted 07-05-2017 08:05
Razaan, thank you for your report. I learned through your report that population growth, factories, chlorine gas are the main sources of pollution in Sudan. Well organized report! I believe you could find some governmental measures, actions by individuals to bring back Sudan??s clena environment. I wish to read more about them!
Posted 04-05-2017 00:15
@daon, thank you again, there was a measures took by the government
Posted 01-05-2017 01:55
@Prayash, thank you. And specifically the wastewater
Posted 01-05-2017 01:52
Hi Razzan, thanks for sharing detailed report on water pollution in Sudan.
Water pollution itself poses great danger to human, but it's even more critical when it is directly related to drinking water. Hope there should be pratical measures taken by your governments and other countries sharing river Nile soon.
Posted 30-04-2017 22:46
Sad to learn that even the mighty Nile could not be spared by human activities. Actions need to be taken to stop the pollutants getting in the water.
Posted 30-04-2017 14:59