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KENYA'S ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE |
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by Yvonne Wabai | 24-06-2017 18:50
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Last time, I talked about the Paris agreement and how the U.S pulling out would affect the world in general but most especially the developing countries. Today, I present to you Kenya's action plan on climate change as submitted, as per the Paris Agreement, to the UUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
National circumstances. Kenya is located in the Greater Horn of Africa region, which is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. More than 80% of the country's landmass is arid and semi-arid land (ASAL) with poor infrastructure, and other developmental challenges. The country's economy is highly dependent on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture that is mainly rain-fed, energy, tourism, water and health. Climate hazards have caused considerable losses across the country's different sectors over the years. The main climate hazards include droughts and floods which cause economic losses estimated at 3% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Kenya's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are relatively low, standing at 73 MtCO2eq in 2010, out of which 75% are from the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) and agriculture sectors. This may be explained by the reliance on wood fuel by a large proportion of the population coupled with the increasing demand for agricultural land and urban development. The other significant emissions are from the energy and transport sectors, with the waste and industrial processes contributing negligible amounts. Kenya strives to be a newly industrialised middle income country by 2030. This development is expected to increase emissions from the energy sector. The current energy mix, however, is mainly clean with deliberate efforts by Government towards enhancing geothermal, wind, solar and other clean energy development. Climate change impacts continue to slow down the attainment of its national development goals. Kenya will continue making investments with both domestic and international resources to adapt to climate change and realise its abatement potentials. Mitigation. Kenya aims to achieve a low carbon, climate resilient development pathway. Kenya will continue to implement the NCCAP (2013-2017), and subsequent action plans beyond this period to achieve this target. This will include the promotion and implementation of the following mitigation activities. 1. Expansion in geothermal, solar and wind energy production, other renewables and clean energy options. 2. Enhancement of Energy and resource efficiency across the different sectors. 3. Make progress towards achieving a tree cover of at least 10% of the land area of Kenya. 4. Clean energy technologies to reduce overreliance on wood fuels. 5. Low carbon and efficient transportation systems. 6. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) in line with the National CSA Framework. 7. Sustainable waste management systems. Further Information. 1. Timeframe for implementation: The timeframe for implementation of the INDC is up to 2030. 2. Scope of gases included in the contribution: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) are prioritised. 3. Sectors covered by the contribution: Energy, Transportation, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and waste sector. Assumptions and methodological approaches. 1. Methodology for emissions accounting. The IPCC Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Good Practise Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories were used to calculate the GHG emissions and removals as described in the Second National Communication. Emissions of carbon dioxide from the combustion of biomass are assessed but not counted towards the contribution. Future contribution from the extractive sector has not been included in the accounting. 2. Global warming potentials. The carbon dioxide equivalent was calculated using the 100 year global warming potentials in accordance with the IPCC 2nd Assessment Report. 3. Approaches to land sector emissions. This includes emissions from the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. Relevant national policy documents and the FAO's Global Forest Resource Assessment 2010 for Kenya were used. A global land-use data approach was used, as described in the 2003 IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF. A state and transition model consistent with the 1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines was used to calculate fluxes of CO2 to (or from) the atmosphere and biomass carbon pools is the same as outlined in the 1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines. There is significant uncertainty in the BAU emission and mitigation potential estimates for this sector and work is underway to update and improve these estimates. 4. Contribution of International Market Based Mechanism. Kenya does not rule out the use of international market-based mechanisms in line with agreed accounting rules. Adaptation.
Fairness and ambition. Kenya believes that the key factors in determining the fairness of a contribution should include historical responsibility and respective capability to address climate change. The UNFCCC also recognises that the extent to which developing countries will meet their obligations under the Convention will depend on the level of support in terms of finance, technology and capacity building available. Kenya's historical contribution is low, at 0.1% of the total global emissions, while the per capita emissions are less than 1.26 MtCO2eq compared to the global average of 7.58 MtCO2eq 1. The country's capability to implement this contribution is also subject to limitations with poverty alleviation and sustainable economic development being the key national objectives. Increasing the per-capita GDP growth equitably above the current levels of 4.1% is therefore a priority. Nevertheless, Kenya places a high priority on response to climate change. In order to meet the below 2 degrees Celsius objective, all countries will need to undertake mitigation based on the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in accordance with the Convention. In addition, Kenya particularly notes that the Lima Call to Action agrees that each Party's contribution will represent a progression beyond the current undertaking of that Party. Kenya is determined to continue playing a leadership role in addressing climate change by communicating a fair and ambitious contribution. This intended contribution targets a high proportion of its mitigation potential, dependent on the level of support available. This will involve implementing the priority mitigation and adaptation actions in the NCCAP to achieve a low carbon climate resilient development in line with Vision 2030. This is the first time that Kenya has stated an intended contribution to global mitigation efforts. In addition, Kenya's INDC represents her aspiration to increase the resilience to climate change by introducing a comprehensive programme for adaptation action across sectors in support of livelihoods, and economic well-being of the Kenyan people. This represents a high level of fairness and ambition in light of Kenya's national circumstances. Means of implementation. Kenya's contribution will be implemented with both domestic and international support. It is estimated that over USD 40 billion is required for mitigation and adaptation actions across sectors up to 2030. Kenya will require international support in form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building to fully realize her intended contribution. Further analysis will be necessary to refine the required investment cost and determine the domestic support. |
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3 Comments
Thank you Cheonghan and Daon. Most of the funds come from the Green Fund - the fund in which developed countries donate money to be used by developing countries in fighting global warming and climate change - so the budget isn't really what's worrisome. Instead, it is government corruption. Government corruption is a huge problem in Kenya and not only has it affected our global standing in terms of socioeconomics, but it has also affected our disaster management, food security, water security, infrastructure, and professional ethics, amongst other things. The public has shown much support in taking green actions because we have all experienced firsthand the effects of global warming and climate change. I will keep monitoring this plan and provide regular updates.
Posted 12-07-2017 03:29
Yvonne, thank you for your report. This was a well organized report. It seems like mitigation and adaptation actions are going to be huge, considering the budget it requires. Isn't there any problem securing such a huge budget? Aren't there any people against such tasks?
Posted 04-07-2017 01:10
Hi Yvonne, thanks for great report on Kenya's action plan for Paris Climate agreement.
Your report was well written in an easy way, so it helped me understand How Kenya will accomplish its goal regarding carbon emission. Please keep monitoring this plan and its implimentation, and let us know how it goes:)
Posted 01-07-2017 18:13