conversion to temperate vegetable cropping in the tropics

gathering wood for charcoal production

timber harvesting

mining

unsustainable extraction of non-timber forest products (e.g. orchids and bromeliads)

introduction of alien species

the construction of telecommunications installations in cloud forests on mountain tops

Erosions: specific focus on earthworm and other insect infestation related to farming (then related to pesticides used to eradicate such)

Fisheries (biophysical, coastal land and marine resource, boundaries and concentration and movement of fishers and fisheries products

pattern and control of primary production

spatial and temporal distribution of populations selected to represent trophic structure;

pattern and control of organic matter accumulation in surface layers and sediments;

patterns of inorganic inputs and movements of nutrients through soils, groundwater, and surface waters; and

patterns and frequency of site disturbances.