One may describe Nepal in their own terms but all definitions sum up to one word "Beautiful". Not only it has beauty, it has its own culture with ethnic diverse cultural groups, their own tradition and language. And YES they do have some traditional knowledge that eye for greener environment. Since Most of Nepali are Hindu, lot of scientific practices prevails still in society for better environment.

Nepal is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of biodiversity it has been ranked 25th from the top in the global biodiversity context (NBAP, 1998). The main reasons for this richness are the sharp altitudinal variation (60-8848masl), the country?s geographical position, climatic variation (tropical to arctic), and the interaction of these factors, causing diverse ecosystems of great floral and faunal diversity.

 Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge, innovations, and practices of indigenous and local communities around the world developed from experience gained over the centuries and adapted to the local culture and environment. Traditional knowledge is transmitted orally from generation to generation. It tends to be collectively owned and takes the form of stories, songs, folklore, proverbs, cultural values, beliefs, rituals, community laws, local languages, and agricultural practices, including the development of plant species and animal breeds.

In former times, and still today, traditional knowledge and practices provided the basis for the wellbeing and livelihoods of the indigenous mountain communities, maintaining their health and replenishing the environment. People are preserving environment knowingly or unknowingly since long and the truth is, all method followed are scientific. So, every ethnic group conserves nature in their own possible way, which ultimately works for Healthier Earth.

Traditional Knowledge have been developed, practiced, preserved and shared within traditional cultures and indigenous groups over generations and the global community has realized the role of the traditional communities in conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources. Indigenous people had contributed their knowledge on sound use of natural resources, conservation and restoration.

 Indigenous water resource management practices

1. A wide range of  Indigenous Traditional Knowledge  related  to natural   water   resources   management   from   Nepal grouped under indigenous farmer-managed irrigationsystems, drinking water sources management systems, diversion    channels,    and    indigenous    milling    and grinding   techniques   are prevalent.
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3. The   art   of   rainwater   collection   as   a principal source of water has been in practice in Nepal since ancient times. This practice was most common among Brahmin community.
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5. Planting TuIsi plant in a specially built structure called, Maeri was considered an  essential  religious  practice  in  every  house  and  a small  pond  would  always  be  built  close  to  this  for storing water. The  soil excavated  while  constructing such pond would be used in building Maeri and every morning all the members of the family would use this place  for  bathing.  The  water  wasted  during  bathing was stored in this pond and used for a kitchen garden close by or else used for cattle watering.
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7. Evidence   of   traditional   water   collection   ponds, especially   in   the   hilly   region,   dates   back   to   the historic period when Nepal was divided into several kingdoms.  Many  water  collection  ponds  were  built during that era. Where more flat plains were possible,bigger ponds were built with higher storage capacity and  in  steep  places  smaller  ponds  were  built  and during the dry season were used as a place to perform community  religious  activities.  Water  stored  in  the ponds during the rainy season was used in dry periods for many domestic needs including washing, bathing, and drinking. Using roof catchments mostly made of slate  and  storing  run  off  from  the  hillsides  for  both domestic    and    agricultural    purposes    has    been    a practice,  which  came  later  in  different  parts  of  the country.
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9. Traditional  water  mill  (Ghatta)  has been  use  in  Nepal   for   grinding  of  wheat,  maize,millet, etc. Stream is diverted into channels with piled up  stones  and  brushwood  twigs  and  branches.  Last part of the channel leads into a chute at an angle of about  45?  Usually  there  are  6-14  blades  in  a turbine. Then water coming out is used for irrigation.
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11.  ?Water Shade? is also one of the national level traditional knowledge, which helps in  the  conservation  of  forest  as  well  as  keeping  the source of water clean. People have the belief that they should not cut trees or woods surrounding the source of  water.  They  should  not  throw  litter  around  the water  shade.  If  they  do  not  obey,  bad  things  may occur  to  them. 
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13. As a convention, the tap is normally   decorated   with   a   statue   of   God.   The presence of such idols encourages the folk to refrain from doing wrong or to maintain cleanliness to some extent    around    the    water    source.   
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15. The  pond serves  as  a  reservoir  to  collect  surplus  water  and  a continuous irrigation supply to the bariland. Besides, the  pond  is  shaded  by  the  profuse  crown  cover  of Ficus    religiosa    (Pipal)    and    thus,    tremendously curtails the evaporation loss. The pond could either be cemented    or    traditional    type    however,    frequent cleaning is carried  on  by the  folk. 
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17. In order to protect water sources from human wastes, temple of  Naga  (snake  god)  and  Kantharaj  (a  kind  of  God) was built as observed. This would protect the sources from  open  defecation  of  human  excreta  for  people would be afraid to dirty the place where the statues of deities have been erected.

Indigenous soil fertility management practices

Researchers documented indigenous TJyapoo    method    of    soil    management    and    some 12  methods  of  indigenous  soil  fertility  management1. Use   of   farm   yard   manure,   green   manuring,   in-situ manuring  such  as  by  keeping  animals  in  sheds  or  in open fields and also by using migratory flocks of sheep and goats, mulching, use of nitrogen fixing plants, crop rotation, fallowing, terrace riser slicing, trapping flood water for fertigation, burning of trash, use of forest soils and black soils, and burying of dead animals and mobile toilets    are    recognised    as    indigenous    soil    fertility management practices common in Nepal.

Indigenous  Knowledge  on  biodiversity  and  forest management

Singi Nawa- this is one of the important community level traditional knowledge of the Himalayan people, living in the highest part of the world to conserve the forest and wildlife. Singi, in Sherpa language, means wood or trees and Nawa means to ask. So Singi Nawa means  to  ask  someone  before  cutting  any  trees  or woods.   This   is   a   custom   the   Sherpas   have   been practicing for many years. People choose a leader, old but   an   intellectual   person,   among   them   who   can adeptly handle the community. The leader prepares a calendar,   where   it   is   mentioned   that   people   are allowed to cut trees on that date only otherwise some dreadful  things  may  happen  in  the  community.  The people of the community ask the leader when they are allowed  to  cut  trees.  Because  of  him,  the  people maintain their discipline and do not cut trees anytime. This, in the long run, conserves the forest.

Natural  bamboo  resources  management  is  one  of the  most  common  indigenous  knowledge  possessed by  farmers  in  Nepal.  Bamboo  is  one  of  the  most useful  plants  in  Nepal  and  is  used  extensively  as  a source of income generation.

Indigenous knowledge on pest management

 The frlewahang Rai?s have indigenous methods of pest  management  that  are  heavily  relied  on  in  areas where external inputs (e.g. chemical pesticides) are in short supply. In remote areas, common pests, such as stem  borer  (Chillozonellis),  attack  wheat  and  maize stocks. The grounded pulp of the Khira leaf is spread on   the   wheat   crop   and   the   scent   of   the   pulp   is sufficient to kill the pests. In the case of paddy, the pulp  is  introduced  into  the  paddy  field  through  the irrigation channel. In the case of specific pest attacks, like  the  rice  moth  which  creates  clusters  of  rice  on  paddy, they are combed out with sticks and the moths deposited in the water to ensure decomposition, the operation is carried out in sunlight.

Other practices like grain storage with ash or neem is common.

Plants for Air Purification

Different plants like Peepal, Tulsi, Snake Plant etc. are used for air purification and oxygen supplying trees. These practices are still prevalent.

But sad to say, the genetic resources and traditional knowledge are being lost due to ecological degradation, through the introduction of more ?modern? agricultural practices, displacement by development projects, overexploitation and by the new market forces unleashed by liberalization and globalization, bringing with it an increase in the threat of biopiracy.